杜

杜 U+675C, 杜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675C
← 杛
[U+675B]
CJK Unified Ideographs 杝 →
[U+675D]

Translingual

Han character

杜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
  • Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1157, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+675C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
杜
alternative forms 土

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 杜
Mandarin Beijing /tu⁵¹/
Harbin /tu⁵³/
Tianjin /tu⁵³/
Jinan /tu²/
Qingdao /tu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tu³¹²/
Xi'an /tu⁴⁴/
Xining /tv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /tu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu³⁵/
Chengdu /tu¹³/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu²¹²/
Nanjing /tu⁴⁴/
Hefei /tu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tu³⁵/
Hohhot /tu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /du²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /du¹³/
Wenzhou /døy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tʰu²²/
Tunxi /təu²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁵⁵/
/təu¹¹/
Xiangtan /təɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰu⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /tou²²/
Nanning /tu²²/
Hong Kong /tou²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tou³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdu³³/ ~絕
/ʔdu³⁵/ 姓

Rime
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒古切
Baxter duX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/duoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dɔX/
Li
Rong
/doX/
Wang
Li
/duX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
No. 12505
Phonetic
component
土
Rime
group
魚
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
杜
Old
Chinese
/*l'aːʔ/

Definitions

杜

  1. birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
  2. to stop; to prevent; to block
    防微杜漸/防微杜渐  ―  fángwēidùjiàn  ―  to nip in the bud
  3. to reject
  4. (obsolete) to pound; to strike
  5. (obsolete, dialectal) astringent
  6. (obsolete, dialectal) root
  7. Asarum forbesii
  8. Pollia japonica
  9. name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi
  10. a surname
    杜甫  ―  Dù Fǔ  ―  Du Fu (Tang dynasty Chinese poet)

Compounds

  • 召父杜母
  • 小杜
  • 慎防杜漸/慎防杜渐
  • 憑空杜撰
  • 房杜姚宋
  • 房謀杜斷/房谋杜断
  • 有杕之杜
  • 杜口 (dùkǒu)
  • 杜口吞聲/杜口吞声
  • 杜口無言/杜口无言
  • 杜口絕舌/杜口绝舌
  • 杜口結舌/杜口结舌
  • 杜口絕言/杜口绝言
  • 杜口裹足
  • 杜塞
  • 杜宇 (dùyǔ)
  • 杜山 (Dùshān)
  • 杜工部
  • 杜康 (dùkāng)
  • 杜弊
  • 杜微慎防
  • 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
  • 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
  • 杕杜
  • 杜梨 (dùlí)
  • 杜漸防微/杜渐防微
  • 杜漸防萌/杜渐防萌
  • 杜漸除微/杜渐除微
  • 杜瓦 (Dùwǎ)
  • 杜皮 (Dùpí)
  • 杜絕/杜绝 (dùjué)
  • 杜絕後患/杜绝后患
  • 杜若 (dùruò)
  • 杜茅柴
  • 杜蘅 (dùhéng)
  • 杜諫/杜谏
  • 杜郵之戮/杜邮之戮
  • 杜門/杜门 (dùmén)
  • 杜門不出/杜门不出
  • 杜門卻掃/杜门却扫
  • 杜門屏跡/杜门屏迹
  • 杜門晦跡/杜门晦迹
  • 杜門株守/杜门株守
  • 杜門自絕/杜门自绝
  • 杜門謝客/杜门谢客
  • 杜陵 (Dùlíng)
  • 杜鵑/杜鹃 (dùjuān)
  • 杜鵑啼血/杜鹃啼血
  • 杜鵑窩/杜鹃窝
  • 杜鵑花/杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
  • 柅杜
  • 萬那杜/万那杜 (Wànnàdù)
  • 結舌杜口/结舌杜口
  • 老杜
  • 臺灣杜鵑/台湾杜鹃
  • 蘅杜
  • 防微杜漸/防微杜渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
  • 防萌杜漸/防萌杜渐
  • 韋杜/韦杜

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (杜):
  • → Vietnamese: Đỗ (杜)

Others:

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
杜
alternative forms 肚
土

Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (“classifier for animals”), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018).

Pronunciation


Definitions

杜

  1. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

杜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. careless
  2. woods; grove
  3. Chinese family name "Du"

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

  • 杜撰脱漏(ずさんだつろう) (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
  • 杜(もり)の都(みやこ) (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
  • 鎮守(ちんじゅ)の杜(もり) (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine

Synonyms

Noun

杜(やまなし) • (yamanashi) 

  1. Wild Japanese pear or mountain pear

Proper noun

杜(と) • (To) 

  1. Du Fu, Chinese poet

Korean

Hanja

杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ (動(động)五(ngũ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đổ[5]
杜: Nôm readings: đỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6], đậu[3][7][4][5][6], đổ[2][3][7], dỏ[4][5][6], đũa[1][3], đỏ[3][7], dỗ[1], đủ[1], giỗ[1], rổ[1], trỗ[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”).
    杜氏海燕 ― Đỗ Thị Hải Yến

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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