湖

湖 U+6E56, 湖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E56
← 湕
[U+6E55] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 湗 →
[U+6E57]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
12 strokes

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵胡)

Derived characters
  • 𫉣

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6E56

Chinese
trad. 湖
simp. # 湖

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ô͘ - vernacular;
  • hô͘ - literary.
    Note:
    • ou5 - vernacular;
    • hu5 - literary.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6wu
          • MiniDict: wu去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhu
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: fu2
          • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸu¹³/
Rime
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Baxter hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣo/
Wang
Li		 /ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 wu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˁa/
English lake

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
No. 4247
Phonetic
component		 古
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 胡
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaː/

Definitions

湖

  1. lake; loch
  2. Short for 湖北 (Húběi, “Hubei Province”).
  3. Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan Province”).

Synonyms
  • (lake):
  • 泊 (pō) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 海子 (hǎizi) (northern and southwestern Mandarin, chiefly in toponyms)
  • 湖泊 (húpō)

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (湖):
  • → Japanese: 湖(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 호(湖) (ho)
  • → Vietnamese: hồ (湖)

Others:

Japanese

Kanji
湖

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. lake

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
湖
みずうみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

水 (mizu, “water”) +‎ 海 (umi, “sea”)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) みずう​み [mìzúúꜜmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • IPA(key): [mʲizɨᵝɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

湖(みずうみ) • (mizuumi) ←みづうみ (miduumi)?

  1. a lake (body of water)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 湖 (MC hu). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 湖 (eumhun 호수 호 (hosu ho))

  1. Hanja form? of 호 (“lake”).

Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

湖: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

  1. lake

Usage notes
  • The modern Vietnamese word for lake is hồ.

References
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