腎

See also: 肾
腎 U+814E, 腎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814E
← 腍
[U+814D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腏 →
[U+814F]

Translingual

Han character

腎 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8 in Chinese, 肉+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿱臤肉)

Descendants

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 987, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2086, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+814E

Chinese
trad. 腎
simp. 肾

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • san6 - literary (“kidney; testicle”);
  • san5, san5-2 - vernacular (“gizzard”).
Rime
Character 腎
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時忍切
Baxter dzyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑinX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑinX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiĕnX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 san6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 腎
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shèn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyinX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/
English kidney

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 腎
Reading # 1/1
No. 1344
Phonetic
component		 臣
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 腎
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡjinʔ/

Definitions

腎

  1. (anatomy) kidney
  2. (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle
  3. (Cantonese) gizzard
    雞腎／鸡肾 [Cantonese]  ―  gai1 san5 [Jyutping]  ―  chicken gizzard
  4. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of 賢／贤 (xián).
    腎者之石／肾者之石 [Cantonese]  ―  san5 ze2 zi1 sek6 [Jyutping]  ―  kidney stone

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 腎, 腎水, 水藏
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 腎, 腎臟
Mandarin Beijing 腰子, 腎
Taiwan 腎, 腰子
Harbin 腎
Yantai (Muping) 腰子, 腎
Jinan 腰子, 腎
Luoyang 腎
Xi'an 腎
Yinchuan 腰子
Lanzhou 腰子
Xining 腎
Ürümqi 腰子, 腎
Wuhan 腰子
Chengdu 腎臟, 腎
Guiyang 腰子
Xuzhou 腰子, 腎
Yangzhou 腰子
Nanjing 腰子
Singapore 腎
Cantonese Guangzhou 腎
Hong Kong 腎
Dongguan 腎
Gan Lichuan 腰子
Pingxiang 腰子
Hakka Meixian 腎
Yudu 腰子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 腰仔, 腎家
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 腰, 腎家
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 腰仔, 腎家
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 腰子
Huizhou Jixi 腰子
Jin Taiyuan 腰子, 腎
Xinzhou 腰子
Northern Min Jian'ou 腰仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 腰子, 腰心子, 腎
Southern Min Xiamen 腰子
Quanzhou 腰子
Zhangzhou 腰子
Taipei 腰子
New Taipei (Sanxia) 腰子
Kaohsiung 腰子
Yilan 腰子
Changhua (Lukang) 腰子
Taichung 腰子
Tainan 腰子
Hsinchu 腰子
Kinmen 腰子
Penghu (Magong) 腰子
Penang (Hokkien) 腰子
Singapore (Hokkien) 腰子
Manila (Hokkien) 腰子
Jieyang 腎
Bangkok (Teochew) 腎
Haikou 腎
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 腎
Wu Shanghai 腰子, 腎臟
Shanghai (Chongming) 腰子
Suzhou 腰子
Danyang 腰子
Hangzhou 腰子
Ningbo 腎, 腰子
Jinhua 腰子
Jinhua (Tangxi) 腰
Xiang Loudi 腰子
Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 外腎, 腎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 睪丸, 精巢
Mandarin Beijing 卵子兒, 卵包子, 小蛋兒
Taiwan 蛋蛋
Harbin 卵子兒
Jinan 球蛋
Luoyang 蛋子兒, 蛋
Wanrong 子
Xi'an 蛋子兒
Yinchuan 卵子
Lanzhou 脬子兒, 腎
Ürümqi 脬卵子, 卵子
Wuhan 卵子, 卵蛋, 卵坨
Chengdu 卵, 卵蛋, 蛋蛋, 卵子, 敲敲兒
Guiyang 卵蛋
Liuzhou 卵考子, 考子
Yangzhou 卵蛋, 卵子子
Nanjing 卵子
Singapore 球
Cantonese Guangzhou 春子
Hong Kong 春, 春子, 春核, 波子
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 核
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 核春
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 核仁
Kaiping (Chikan) 春牯
Dongguan 春核
Hepu (Lianzhou) 卵子
Hepu (Shatian) 卵脬仁
Guiping 核子
Guiping (Mule) 𨳍卵
Pingnan 核卵
Guigang (Gangcheng) 核仔
Guigang (Pingdong) 核仁
Beihai 卵仁
Beihai (Nankang) 卵仁
Beihai (Yingpan) 卵仁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 卵仁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 卵核
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 卵核
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 春仔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 卵
Móng Cái 卵核
Gan Lichuan 順子
Pingxiang 卵坨子
Hakka Meixian 核卵
Xingning 核卵
Dabu (Xihe) 核卵仁
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 核卵
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 核卵
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 核卵
Wuhua (Huacheng) 核卵
Wuhua (Changbu) 核卵
Wuhua (Mianyang) 核卵
Jiexi 核卵
Changting 卵子
Yongding 核卵
Yongding (Xiayang) 核卵仁
Yongding (Gaobei) 核卵
Yongding (Hukeng) 核卵
Wuping (Zhongshan) 核卵
Liancheng (Peitian) 卵子
Liancheng (Juxi) 核卵
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 核卵
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 核卵
Yudu 卵子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 核卵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 核卵
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 核卵
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 核卵仁
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 核卵仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 核卵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 核卵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 核卵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 核卵
Hong Kong 核卵
Sabah (Longchuan) 核卵
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 核卵仁
Senai (Huiyang) 核
Singkawang 核卵
Bangkok (Meixian) 核卵
Bangkok (Fengshun) 核卵
Huizhou Jixi 卵子
Jin Pingyao 堆兒, 蛋
Xinzhou 蛋籽子
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𡳞核子, 𡳞核
Changle 𡳞核子
Fuqing 𡳞核子
Yongtai 𡳞脬子
Gutian 𡳞核子
Fu'an 𡳞脬子
Ningde 𡳞脬子
Shouning 𡳞脬子
Zhouning 尿脬子
Fuding 卵脬子
Southern Min Xiamen 𡳞核, 腎子
Quanzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
Jinjiang 𡳞核
Yongchun 𡳞核, 𡳞核子
Zhangzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
Zhao'an 𡳞核
Taipei 𡳞核
Taipei (Wanhua) 𡳞脬核仔
New Taipei (Tamsui) 𡳞核
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𡳞核
New Taipei (Pingxi) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 𡳞核仔, 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 𡳞核
Yilan 𡳞核
Yilan (Toucheng) 𡳞核仔
Changhua (Lukang) 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Taichung 𡳞核仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 𡳞核
Tainan 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔, 腎子
Tainan (Anping) 𡳞核
Taitung 𡳞核仔
Hsinchu 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Kinmen 𡳞核
Penghu (Magong) 𡳞核
Penghu (Xiyu) 𡳞核
Penang (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 核, 𡳞脬子
Singapore (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 腎子, 𡳞脬子
Manila (Hokkien) 𡳞核
Chaozhou 核
Shantou 𡳞核
Shantou (Chenghai) 𡳞核
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 𡳞核
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 𡳞核
Jieyang 𡳞核, 𡳞仁
Haifeng 𡳞脬核
Bangkok (Teochew) 𡳞核
Leizhou 𡳞脬子, 𡳞脬核, 核子
Wenchang 𡳞仁
Haikou 𡳞脬仁
Puxian Min Putian (Donghai) 𡳞核
Central Min Sanyuan 石核
Shaxian 尿脬核
Shaojiang Min Mingxi 腎肚子
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卵子
Wu Shanghai 卵子
Suzhou 卵子
Danyang 卵脬黃, 卵子黃
Hangzhou 卵子
Ningbo 卵黃, 卵袋黃
Wenzhou 卵子, 卵袋子, 陰袋子
Jinhua 老核子
Xiang Loudi 考子, 卵子

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
腎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

/murato1/ → /murato/.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [murato]

Noun

腎(むらと) • (murato) 

  1. (obsolete) kidney
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 2

From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [murado]

Noun

腎(むらど) • (murado) 

  1. (obsolete) kidney
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, pages 35-36:
      腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]
      腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腎 (MC dzyinX). Recorded as Middle Korean 신〮 (sín) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin))

  1. Hanja form? of 신 (“kidney”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

腎: Hán Nôm readings: thận

  1. chữ Hán form of thận (“kidney”).
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