忍

忍 U+5FCD, 忍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD
← 忌
[U+5FCC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 →
[U+5FCE]
忍 U+2F89D, 忍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D
← 徚
[U+2F89C]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 志 →
[U+2F89E]

Translingual

Traditional 忍
Simplified 忍
Japanese 忍
Korean 忍

Han character

忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

  • 𠗋, 𠴍, 𡝖, 𢂻, 𢚴, 𢭝, 涊, 𭸑, 梕, 𤉃, 㸾, 䏰, 𥚆, 𥆾, 𫀷, 𪞹, 𪪄, 綛, 𦓖, 𦖆, 𬠍, 𧖷, 認, 躵, 𨧟, 𨲅, 𢠗, 𩈢, 𩊫, 𥊟, 𪐁
  • 𫻉, 荵, 𭞂, 𩇻, 𤶝

References

Chinese

trad. 忍
simp. # 忍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忍
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

“to bear, to endure, to suffer”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007))
“cruel”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ṳ̄ng - literary;
  • nūng - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 忍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐən²¹³/
Tianjin /in¹³/
/ʐən¹³/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /zən⁵³/
Guiyang /zen⁴²/
Kunming /ʐə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /in⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn³⁵/
Nanning /jɐn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim⁵³/
/lun⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /neiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim⁵³/
/luŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zin²¹³/
/zun²¹³/
/nun²¹³/

Rime
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而軫切
Baxter nyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵinX/
Li
Rong
/ȵiĕnX/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忍 忍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
rěn rěn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyinX › ‹ nyinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*nə[n]ʔ/ /*nə[n]ʔ/
English cruel endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10828
Phonetic
component
刃
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
忍
Old
Chinese
/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

忍

  1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
  2. to forbear
    忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh
    忍著眼淚/忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears
  3. to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
  4. (literary) cruel; callous

Synonyms

  • (to endure):
  • (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
  • (cruel):

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: nhịn

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 忍
Kyūjitai
[1]

忍󠄁
忍+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
忍󠄄
忍+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

忍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
忍
しの(ぶ)
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Proper noun

忍(しのぶ) • (Shinobu) 

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References

  1. “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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