助

助 U+52A9, 助
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A9
← 动
[U+52A8]
CJK Unified Ideographs 努 →
[U+52AA]

Translingual

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

助 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 74127, composition ⿰且力)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 368, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+52A9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
助
alternative forms 㫑
𦔳
𧴧
𤋰
𠡎

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 助
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *zras) : phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic 力 (“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • câe̤ - vernacular;
  • cô - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 助
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡su⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡səu³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
Kunming /t͡su²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡su⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡su⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
Suzhou /zəu³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zu¹³/
Wenzhou /zɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /d͡zəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔ²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /to³³/ 訓佐

Rime
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 牀據切
Baxter dzrjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒiɔH/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhù
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzrjoH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ra-s/
English help (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
No. 10457
Phonetic
component
且
Rime
group
魚
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
助
Old
Chinese
/*zras/

Definitions

助

  1. to help; to aid; to assist

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: ช่วย (chûai)

References

Japanese

Kanji

助

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

助(すけ) • (suke) 

  1. assistance

Prefix

助(じょ) • (jo-) 

  1. help
  2. assistant

Korean

Hanja

助 (eumhun 도울 조 (doul jo))

  1. Hanja form? of 조 (“help”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

助: Hán Nôm readings: trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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