孤

孤 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5 in Chinese, 子+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓木竹女人 (NDHVO), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿰子瓜)

• 𦋆, 箛, 𦣮, 菰, 𡍢, 𡦈, 𡦶, 𢮩, 𣔞, 𦁣, 𧍆, 𨂗, 𨔌, 𩸰, 𪂮, 𪂲, 𪧄, 𪽵, 𫛈

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
• Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5B64

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaː) : semantic 子 (“child”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).

Related to 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”), 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).

孤

1. orphaned; parentless
2. alone; solitary
3. orphan
4. (usually by an emperor or a king) I

   • 秦伯素服郊次，鄉師而哭曰：「孤違蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦伯素服郊次，乡师而哭曰：「孤违蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Qín bó sùfú jiāocì, xiàng shī ér kū yuē: “Gū wéi Jiǎnshū, yǐ rǔ èrsānzǐ, gū zhī zuì yě.” [Pinyin]

     The earl of Qin, in white mourning garments, was waiting for them in the borders of the capital, and wept, looking in the direction where the army had been lost. He said, "I have gone against the counsel of Jian Shu and thus brought disgrace on you, my generals; it is my crime."

• “孤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. solitude, alone
2. orphan

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: みなしご (minashigo, 孤); ひとり (hitori, 孤り)

From Middle Chinese 孤 (MC ku).

• (Tokyo) こ​ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

孤(こ) • (ko) 

1. an orphan
2. solitude

孤(こ) • (ko) -na (adnominal 孤(こ)な (ko na), adverbial 孤(こ)に (ko ni))

1. solitary

Jukujikun kanji use for the term みなしご, itself a compound of 身 (mi, “identity, family”) + 無 (nashi, “none, without”) + 子 (ko, “child”). The final syllable's ko reading changes to go due to rendaku (連濁).

• 孤児

• IPA^(key): [mʲina̠ɕiɡo̞]

• IPA^(key): /mi.na.si.ɡo/, [minäɕiɡo̞], [minäɕiŋo̞]

孤(みなしご) • (minashigo) 

1. orphan

From Middle Chinese 孤 (MC ku). Recorded as Middle Korean 고 (kwo) (Yale: ko) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 孤 (eumhun 외로울 고 (oeroul go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“solitude; orphan”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

孤: Hán Nôm readings: cô, co, còi, côi, go, gò

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.