懼

See also: 惧

懼	U+61FC, 懼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FC

← 懻
[U+61FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懽 →
[U+61FD]

Translingual

Han character

懼 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 心月山土 (PBUG), four-corner 9601₄, composition ⿰忄瞿)

Derived characters

𭟨

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 43

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11488

Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2371, character 7

Unihan data for U+61FC

Chinese

trad.		懼
simp.		惧
2nd round simp.		𰑌
alternative forms		愳惧𢡔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (瞿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瞿	kʷas, ɡʷa
衢	*ɡʷa
氍	*ɡʷa
癯	*ɡʷa
蠷	*ɡʷa
臞	ɡʷa, ɡʷas
欋	*ɡʷa
鸜	*ɡʷa
灈	*ɡʷa
躣	*ɡʷa
忂	*ɡʷa
戵	*ɡʷa
鑺	*ɡʷa
懼	*ɡʷas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi⁶, geoi²
Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kū / kī / khū

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ciu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
  - Wade–Giles: chü⁴
  - Yale: jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi⁶, geoi²
  - Yale: geuih, géui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey⁶, goey²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu⁶, gêu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯²²/, /kɵy̯³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køy²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
  - Tâi-lô: kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ku
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
  - Tâi-lô: kī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
  - Tâi-lô: khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ciu
  - MiniDict: ciu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy³⁴/

Middle Chinese: gjuH

Rime
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其遇切
Baxter	gjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɡio^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jù
Middle Chinese	‹ gju^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
English	fear (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7151
Phonetic component	瞿
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	懼
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷas/

Definitions

懼

to fear; to be afraid
- 夫大國難測也，懼有伏焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫大国难测也，惧有伏焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
  It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
to scare; to frighten

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Mandarin	Beijing	害怕, 怕
	Taiwan	害怕, 怕
	Harbin	害怕, 發毛
	Yantai (Muping)	害怕, 怵
	Jinan	害怕, 怕, 打怵
	Luoyang	害怕, 怕
	Wanrong	驚
	Xi'an	害怕, 怕, 怯火
	Yinchuan	害怕, 嚇
	Lanzhou	害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
	Ürümqi	害怕
	Wuhan	嚇不過, 怕
	Chengdu	害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
	Guiyang	害怕, 怕
	Kunming	害怕
	Guilin	怕
	Liuzhou	慌
	Xuzhou	嫌怕, 打怵
	Yangzhou	害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
	Nanjing	嚇怕, 怕
	Hefei	怕
	Malaysia	怕
	Singapore	怕, 害怕
Cantonese	Guangzhou	驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
	Hong Kong	驚, 怕, 慌
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	狂
	Macau	驚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	驚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	慌
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	驚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	好怕
	Foshan	驚, 窒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	慌, 怕
	Foshan (Shunde)	慌
	Foshan (Sanshui)	慌
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	驚
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	驚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	驚
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng)	慌
	Zhongshan (Tanbei)	慌
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	慌
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	慌
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	狂, 驚
	Zhongshan (Langwang)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	𢗉
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	慌, 驚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	驚
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	驚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	驚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	驚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	驚
	Taishan	𢗉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	𢗉
	Enping (Niujiang)	𢗉
	Heshan (Yayao)	慌
	Dongguan	狂
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	驚
	Shaoguan	驚, 窒
	Yunfu	怕, 驚
	Yangjiang	𢗉
	Xinyi	狂
	Lianjiang	驚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
	Singapore (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
Gan	Nanchang	怕
Gan	Lichuan	怕
Hakka	Meixian	驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	狂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	狂
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	好狂
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	驚
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	怕, 驚, 畏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	驚
	Wengyuan	驚
	Liannan	驚
	Conghua (Lütian)	狂
	Jiexi	驚
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	驚
	Changting	怕
	Wuping	怕
	Wuping (Yanqian)	怕
	Liancheng	嚇
	Ninghua	怕
	Ningdu	怕
	Tonggu (Sandu)	怕
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	怕
	Dayu	怕
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	驚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	驚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	驚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	驚
	Hong Kong	狂, 驚
	Mengshan (Xihe)	怕
	Luchuan	狂
	Sabah (Longchuan)	狂
	Senai (Huiyang)	狂
	Singkawang	驚
Huizhou	Jixi	怕, 嚇
Jin	Taiyuan	害怕, 怕
Jin	Xinzhou	著怕, 怕
Northern Min	Jian'ou	驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	驚
	Songxi	驚
	Zhenghe	驚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	驚
	Jianyang	驚
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	畏
	Wuyishan	嚇
	Pucheng (Shibei)	嚇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	驚
	Changle	驚
	Lianjiang	驚
	Fuqing	驚
	Pingtan	驚
	Yongtai	驚
	Minqing	驚
	Gutian	驚
	Pingnan	驚
	Luoyuan	驚
	Fu'an	驚
	Ningde	驚
	Xiapu	驚
	Zherong	驚
	Shouning	驚
	Zhouning	驚
	Fuding	驚
	Singapore (Fuqing)	驚
Southern Min	Xiamen	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	驚
	Quanzhou	驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Jinjiang	驚
	Nan'an	驚
	Shishi	驚
	Hui'an	驚
	Anxi	驚
	Yongchun	驚
	Dehua	驚
	Zhangzhou	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	驚
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	驚
	Hua'an	驚
	Nanjing	驚
	Pinghe	驚
	Zhangpu	驚
	Yunxiao	驚
	Zhao'an	驚
	Dongshan	驚
	Kaohsiung	驚
	Yilan	驚
	Changhua (Lukang)	驚
	Taichung	驚
	Taichung (Wuqi)	驚惶
	Tainan	驚
	Taitung	驚
	Hsinchu	驚
	Kinmen	驚
	Penghu (Magong)	驚
	Penang (Hokkien)	驚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	驚
	Manila (Hokkien)	驚
	Longyan	嚇
	Zhangping	驚
	Datian	驚
	Chaozhou	驚, 畏
	Raoping	驚
	Shantou	驚
	Jieyang	驚, 畏
	Haifeng	驚
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	驚
	Singapore (Teochew)	驚
	Leizhou	驚
	Wenchang	驚
	Haikou	驚
	Qionghai	驚
	Singapore (Hainanese)	驚
Puxian Min	Putian	驚
Puxian Min	Xianyou	驚
Central Min	Yong'an	驚
	Sanyuan	驚
	Shaxian	驚
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	驚
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狂, 怕
Wu	Shanghai	怕, 嚇
	Shanghai (Chongming)	嚇
	Suzhou	怕, 嚇
	Danyang	怕
	Hangzhou	怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
	Ningbo	怕, 嚇
	Wenzhou	怕, 嚇
	Jinhua	光
Xiang	Changsha	怕, 畏怯
	Loudi	怕
	Shuangfeng	怕

Compounds

兇懼／凶惧
勇者不懼／勇者不惧
季常之懼／季常之惧
怖懼／怖惧 (bùjù)
怕懼／怕惧 (pàjù)
恐惶悚懼／恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
恇懼／恇惧
恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
恐懼不安／恐惧不安 (kǒngjùbù'ān)
恐懼症／恐惧症 (kǒngjùzhèng)
悚懼／悚惧 (sǒngjù)
愁懼兼心／愁惧兼心
慄慄危懼／栗栗危惧
憂懼／忧惧 (yōujù)
懼內／惧内 (jùnèi)
懼刀避劍／惧刀避剑
懼怕／惧怕 (jùpà)
懼怯／惧怯 (jùquè)
懼然／惧然
懼罪／惧罪
懼色／惧色
懼高症／惧高症
戒懼／戒惧 (jièjù)
敬懼／敬惧
毫無所懼／毫无所惧
無所畏懼／无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
猜懼／猜惧
畏懼／畏惧 (wèijù)
疑懼／疑惧 (yíjù)
聳懼／耸惧
臨事以懼／临事以惧
臨事而懼／临事而惧
臨危不懼／临危不惧
臨難不懼／临难不惧 (línnànbùjù)
荷懼／荷惧
誠惶誠懼／诚惶诚惧
震懼／震惧
驚懼／惊惧 (jīngjù)

Japanese

Kanji

懼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: く (ku)
Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 懼れる)

Korean

Hanja

懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))

Hanja form^? of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”).

Vietnamese

Han character

懼: Hán Nôm readings: cụ

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