伏

伏 U+4F0F, 伏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F
← 伎
[U+4F0E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 伐 →
[U+4F10]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 23234, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
  • Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
伏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts




References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

  • A dog at the side of a person.
  • A person adopting the position of a dog.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • buk6 - vernacular;
  • fuk6 - literary.

Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buwk̚/
Li
Rong
/biuk̚/
Wang
Li
/bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fú
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]ək/
English lie prostrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
No. 3333
Phonetic
component
伏
Rime
group
職
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
伏
Old
Chinese
/*bɯɡ/
Definitions

伏

  1. to lie prostrate
  2. to crouch; to crawl
  3. to ambush; to lie hidden
  4. to hide; to conceal
  5. to surrender; to yield
  6. to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
  7. to subdue
  8. to go down; to fall down
  9. to remain; to wait for
  10. to remove
  11. residence
  12. hottest days of summer
  13. (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
    Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
  14. (obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
  15. Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
  16. Alternative form of 服
  17. a surname: Fu

Synonyms

  • (to hide):
  • (hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

Compounds

  • 下伏
  • 三伏 (sānfú)
  • 三伏天 (sānfútiān)
  • 三伏潭 (Sānfútán)
  • 不伏
  • 不伏手
  • 不伏水土
  • 不伏燒埋/不伏烧埋
  • 不伏老
  • 不甘雌伏
  • 中伏 (zhōngfú)
  • 乞伏
  • 二伏
  • 伏下 (fúxià)
  • 伏不是
  • 伏乞
  • 伏事 (fúshì)
  • 伏伺
  • 伏低
  • 伏位
  • 伏低做小
  • 伏侍
  • 伏兵 (fúbīng)
  • 伏几
  • 伏劍/伏剑
  • 伏匿
  • 伏善
  • 伏地 (fúdì)
  • 伏地扣子
  • 伏地挺身 (fúdì tǐngshēn)
  • 伏地聖人/伏地圣人
  • 伏天 (fútiān)
  • 伏尸
  • 伏尸流血
  • 伏屍/伏尸
  • 伏席
  • 伏惟 (fúwéi)
  • 伏想
  • 伏手
  • 伏打電池/伏打电池
  • 伏擊/伏击 (fújī)
  • 伏日
  • 伏旱
  • 伏暑
  • 伏望
  • 伏枕
  • 伏案 (fú'àn)
  • 伏櫪/伏枥
  • 伏櫪守株/伏枥守株
  • 伏櫪老驥/伏枥老骥
  • 伏死
  • 伏氣/伏气
  • 伏水
  • 伏汛
  • 伏法 (fúfǎ)
  • 伏波
  • 伏流 (fúliú)
  • 伏特 (fútè)
  • 伏特加 (fútèjiā)
  • 伏特計/伏特计 (fútèjì)
  • 伏犧/伏牺 (Fúxī)
  • 伏犧氏/伏牺氏
  • 伏狀/伏状
  • 伏獵/伏猎
  • 伏甲 (fújiǎ)
  • 伏眾/伏众
  • 伏礁
  • 伏祈
  • 伏禮/伏礼
  • 伏竄/伏窜
  • 伏筆/伏笔 (fúbǐ)
  • 伏維尚饗/伏维尚飨
  • 伏罪 (fúzuì)
  • 伏羲 (Fúxī)
  • 伏羲氏
  • 伏翼
  • 伏聞/伏闻
  • 伏肉
  • 伏臘/伏腊
  • 伏莽
  • 伏落
  • 伏藏
  • 伏虎擒龍/伏虎擒龙
  • 伏虎降龍/伏虎降龙
  • 伏行
  • 伏見/伏见 (Fújiàn)
  • 伏誅/伏诛 (fúzhū)
  • 伏謁/伏谒
  • 伏讀/伏读
  • 伏貼/伏贴
  • 伏路 (fúlù)
  • 伏身
  • 伏軍/伏军 (fújūn)
  • 伏軾/伏轼
  • 伏輸/伏输 (fúshū)
  • 伏辯/伏辩
  • 伏願/伏愿
  • 伏首貼耳/伏首贴耳
  • 伏魔大帝
  • 伏龍鳳雛/伏龙凤雏
  • 倒伏
  • 俯伏 (fǔfú)
  • 倚伏
  • 倒心伏計/倒心伏计
  • 做小伏低
  • 入伏 (rùfú)
  • 准伏
  • 初伏
  • 制伏 (zhìfú)
  • 加伏特
  • 匍伏 (púfú)
  • 匿伏 (nìfú)
  • 十面埋伏 (shímiànmáifú)
  • 危機四伏/危机四伏 (wēijīsìfú)
  • 四伏 (sìfú)
  • 埋伏 (máifú)
  • 報伏/报伏
  • 塌伏
  • 夜行晝伏/夜行昼伏
  • 姦伏/奸伏
  • 嫗伏/妪伏
  • 安伏
  • 帖伏
  • 干伏
  • 平伏
  • 廋伏
  • 待伏
  • 心伏口伏
  • 愆伏
  • 慴伏/慑伏
  • 所伏
  • 扶伏 (púfú)
  • 扶伏 (púfú)
  • 招伏
  • 拱伏
  • 按家伏業/按家伏业
  • 搭伏
  • 搭伏定
  • 摘伏發隱/摘伏发隐
  • 摘奸發伏
  • 擒伏
  • 擒奸摘伏
  • 擒姦擿伏/擒奸擿伏
  • 擿伏
  • 擿奸發伏
  • 攝伏/摄伏
  • 收伏 (shōufú)
  • 數伏/数伏 (shǔfú)
  • 敵後伏擊/敌后伏击
  • 於伏/于伏
  • 晝伏/昼伏
  • 晝伏夜出/昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū)
  • 晝伏夜游/昼伏夜游
  • 暑伏
  • 曉伏夜行/晓伏夜行
  • 末伏
  • 此起彼伏 (cǐqǐbǐfú)
  • 歲時伏臘/岁时伏腊
  • 水土不伏
  • 沉伏
  • 滯伏/滞伏
  • 潛伏/潜伏 (qiánfú)
  • 潛伏分子/潜伏分子
  • 潛伏感染/潜伏感染
  • 潛伏期/潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
  • 潛龍伏虎/潜龙伏虎
  • 煦伏
  • 狐憑鼠伏/狐凭鼠伏
  • 狐潛鼠伏/狐潜鼠伏
  • 獸伏/兽伏
  • 甘伏
  • 畫伏狀/画伏状
  • 發奸擿伏
  • 發姦擿伏/发奸擿伏
  • 發擿姦伏/发擿奸伏
  • 發隱擿伏/发隐擿伏
  • 神欽鬼伏/神钦鬼伏
  • 禍福倚伏/祸福倚伏
  • 竄伏/窜伏
  • 終伏/终伏
  • 綿延起伏/绵延起伏
  • 老驥伏櫪/老骥伏枥 (lǎojìfúlì)
  • 蒲伏 (púfú)
  • 蜷伏
  • 蟄伏/蛰伏 (zhéfú)
  • 觳觫伏罪
  • 設伏/设伏
  • 誘伏/诱伏
  • 請伏/请伏
  • 赤伏符
  • 起伏 (qǐfú)
  • 起伏不平
  • 跧伏
  • 跪伏 (guìfú)
  • 踡伏
  • 連綿起伏/连绵起伏
  • 降伏 (xiángfú)
  • 降龍伏虎/降龙伏虎
  • 陰伏/阴伏
  • 隱伏/隐伏
  • 雌伏
  • 頭伏/头伏
  • 馴伏/驯伏
  • 高低起伏
  • 龍虎並伏/龙虎并伏

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶富切
Baxter bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/biuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/biəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buwH/
Li
Rong
/biuH/
Wang
Li
/bĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fú
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjuwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]ək-s/
English hatch (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
No. 3331
Phonetic
component
伏
Rime
group
代
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
復
Old
Chinese
/*bɯɡs/
Definitions

伏

  1. (archaic or dialectal) to hatch
    伏小雞/伏小鸡 [Shanghainese]  ―  6bu 5shiau-ci [Wugniu]  ―  to hatch chicks

Compounds

  • 伏卵
  • 伏抱
  • 伏雌
  • 伏雞/伏鸡

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 復).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 負).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
Notes:

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

伏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. prostrated
  2. bend down
  3. bow
  4. cover
  5. lay pipes

Readings

Korean

Hanja

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”).

伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”).

Vietnamese

Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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