皆

See also: 昆
皆 U+7686, 皆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7686
← 皅
[U+7685] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 皇 →
[U+7687]

Translingual

Han character

皆 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心心竹日 (PPHA), four-corner 21601, composition ⿱比白)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 786, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22699
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7686

Chinese
trad. 皆
simp. # 皆
alternative forms 𣅜

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 皆
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皆 *kriːl
偕 *kriːl
階 *kriːl
喈 *kriːl
稭 *kriːl, *kriːd
堦 *kriːl
楷 *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
鶛 *kriːl
湝 *kriːl, *ɡriːl
蝔 *kriːl, *ɡriːl
鍇 *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
揩 *kʰriːl
諧 *ɡriːl
瑎 *ɡriːl
龤 *ɡriːl

Attested in bronze script as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 比 (“two people; to compare”) + 曰 (“to speak”); to compare several people, hence all. 曰 later corrupts into 白. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen reinterprets this character as a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 比 + 白.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 皆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古諧切
Baxter keaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəɨj/
Li
Rong		 /kɛi/
Wang
Li		 /kɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 皆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiē
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kɛj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁrij/
English all

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 皆
Reading # 1/1
No. 6415
Phonetic
component		 皆
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 皆
Old
Chinese		 /*kriːl/

Definitions

皆

  1. (literary) all; every; everybody
    自古皆有死  ―  zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ  ―  from of old, everyone is mortal (see 自古皆有死，民無信不立／自古皆有死，民无信不立 (zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì))
  2. (Taiwan) zetta- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 泽 (zé) (mainland)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 都 (“all; both”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 皆, 均, 俱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱
Mandarin Beijing 都, 全
Taiwan 都
Jinan 都, 全
Xi'an 都
Wuhan 都, 下
Chengdu 都, 下
Guilin 都
Yangzhou 都, 全
Hefei 都
Malaysia 都
Singapore 都
Cantonese Guangzhou 都
Hong Kong 都
Yangjiang 都
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 都
Singapore (Guangfu) 都
Gan Nanchang 都
Hakka Meixian 都
Wuhua (Meilin) 都
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 都
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 都
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 都
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 都
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 都
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 攏
Jin Taiyuan 都, 全
Northern Min Jian'ou 都
Eastern Min Fuzhou 都
Southern Min Xiamen 攏, 計, 計計
Xiamen (Tong'an) 攏
Quanzhou 攏, 計, 計計
Zhangzhou 攏, 計, 計計
Zhao'an 攏
Dongshan 攏
Tainan 攏
Penang (Hokkien) 到了
Singapore (Hokkien) 攏, 攏總, 計
Manila (Hokkien) 攏, 攏總
Chaozhou 攏
Shantou 攏
Jieyang 攏
Singapore (Teochew) 攏
Wenchang 都
Qionghai 攏
Singapore (Hainanese) 攏
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 都
Wu Shanghai 儕, 禿 obsolete
Shanghai (Chongming) 儕, 孩
Shanghai (Songjiang) 儕
Suzhou 儕
Wuxi 儕
Haimen 儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿
Tongxiang 儕
Ningbo 和
Wenzhou 沃
Lishui 都
Qingyuan 都
Xiang Changsha 下, 都
Shuangfeng 下

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
皆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
皆
みな
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.
【みな】
[noun] everyone, everybody
[noun] all, everything
(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
皆
みんな
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.
【みんな】
[noun] everyone, everybody
[noun] all, everything
Alternative spelling
皆んな
(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
皆
かい
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 皆 (MC keaj).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

皆(かい) • (kai) 

  1. all; every

Korean

Hanja

皆 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

皆: Hán Nôm readings: giai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Verb

皆

  1. Sawndip form of gai (“to sell”)
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