親

See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual
Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 () + semantic 見 (“see”).

Etymology 1
trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Pronunciation

Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 1chin
      • MiniDict: chin平
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1qin
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
    • (Suzhou)
      • Wugniu: 1tshin
      • MiniDict: tshin平
      • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zin1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /t͡sin³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡ɕin³³/
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Baxter tshin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 can1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰin/
Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

Definitions

親

  1. ⁜ paternal relatives
  2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  3. parent(s); father and/or mother
  4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  6. marriage; matrimony
  7. to be close to; to become intimate with
  8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    親中／亲中  ―  qīn Zhōng  ―  pro-China, usually meaning pro-CCP
  9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  13. accurate; true
  14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  16. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”)
  17. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吻, 親, 親吻
Mandarin Beijing 吻, 親
Taiwan 吻, 親
Yantai (Muping) 親
Wanrong 親
Xi'an 親
Yangzhou 親
Singapore 吻, 親
Cantonese Guangzhou 惜, 啜, 痛
Hong Kong 惜, 啜, 嘴
Taishan 啜
Dongguan 啜
Singapore (Guangfu) 惜
Hakka Meixian 唚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 唚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 唚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 唚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 唚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唚
Jin Taiyuan 親
Xinzhou 親
Northern Min Jian'ou 蜜
Songxi 鼻
Zhenghe 蜜
Jianyang 蜜
Wuyishan 敕
Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 唚
Southern Min Xiamen 唚
Xiamen (Tong'an) 唚
Quanzhou 唚
Shishi 唚
Zhangzhou 唚
Tainan 唚
Penang (Hokkien) 唚
Singapore (Hokkien) 唚
Manila (Hokkien) 唚
Chaozhou 唚
Shantou 唚
Singapore (Teochew) 唚
Haikou 惜
Wu Shanghai 香, 親
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 香
Suzhou 香
Hangzhou 香
Ningbo 親

Compounds

Etymology 2
trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Pronunciation

Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
Note: chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - used in 親姆／亲姆.
Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 1chin
      • MiniDict: chin平
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1qin
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Baxter tshinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 can3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰins/

Definitions

親

  1. relationship between the families (especially the parents) of a married couple; in-laws

Compounds

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
(This character is a variant form of 嚫).

Etymology 4
trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Pronunciation

Definitions

親

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 唚 (“to kiss”)

References

Japanese

Kanji
親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
祖

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

親(おや) • (oya) 

  1. [from 720] a parent
  2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
  4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
  6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears
Idioms
Derived terms
  • 親(おや)の心(こころ)子(こ)知(し)らず (oya no kokoro ko shirazu): “the child doesn't know the parent's heart” → the child doesn't know the pain they cause their parents
  • 親(おや)の光(ひかり)は七(なな)光(ひかり) (oya no hikari wa nana hikari): “a parent's bright light is seven bright lights” → a parent's social standing can be a huge influence on a person as they come into adulthood

Prefix

親(しん) • (shin-) 

  1. pro- (supportive of)
Antonyms

References
  1. “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 親 (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

  1. Hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”).
  2. Hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 친애 (親愛, chinae)
  • 친가 (親家, chin'ga)
  • 친감 (親監, chin'gam)
  • 친교 (親交, chin'gyo)
  • 친구 (親舊, chin'gu)
  • 친권 (親權, chin'gwon)
  • 친근 (親近, chin'geun)
  • 친목 (親睦, chinmok)
  • 친밀 (親密, chinmil)
  • 친분 (親分, chinbun)
  • 친서 (親書, chinseo)
  • 천선 (親善, cheonseon)
  • 친속 (親屬, chinsok)
  • 친숙 (親熟, chinsuk)
  • 친일 (親日, chinil)
  • 친자 (親子, chinja)
  • 친절 (親切, chinjeol)
  • 친정 (親庭, chinjeong)
  • 친정 (親征, chinjeong)
  • 친족 (親族, chinjok)
  • 친지 (親知, chinji)
  • 친척 (親戚, chincheok)
  • 친형 (親兄, chinhyeong)
  • 친화 (親和, chinhwa)
  • 극친 (極親, geukchin)
  • 근친 (近親, geunchin)
  • 돈친 (敦親, donchin)
  • 망친 (亡親, mangchin)
  • 모친 (母親, mochin)
  • 부친 (父親, buchin)
  • 삼친 (三親, samchin)
  • 양친 (兩親, yangchin)
  • 엄친 (嚴親, eomchin)
  • 족친 (族親, jokchin)
  • 종친 (宗親, jongchin)
  • 친밀감 (親密感, chinmilgam)
  • 친삼촌 (親三寸, chinsamchon)
  • 친손녀 (親孫女, chinsonnyeo)
  • 친손자 (親孫子, chinsonja)
  • 친자식 (親子息, chinjasik)
  • 친형제 (親兄弟, chinhyeongje)
  • 방친영 (房親迎, bangchinyeong)
  • 사친회 (師親會, sachinhoe)
  • 위친계 (爲親契, wichin'gye)
  • 등화가친 (燈火可親, deunghwagachin)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

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