新

新 U+65B0, 新
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B0
← 斯
[U+65AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斱 →
[U+65B1]

Translingual
Stroke order
13 strokes
Traditional 新
Simplified 新
Japanese 新
Korean 新

Alternative forms
  • In mainland China, the bottom left component is written 朩, giving 新.
  • In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the bottom left component is written 𣎳, giving 新.
  • In Japan and Korea, the bottom left component is written 木, giving 新.

Han character

新 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 02921, composition ⿰亲斤)

Derived characters
  • 𫣩, 噺, 𭢭, 澵, 𬎖, 𨭩, 𫚀, 𬷵, 𪧭, 薪, 𨑁, 𭏻, 㜪, 𪬴, 𭺦

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2026, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+65B0

Chinese
trad. 新
simp. # 新
alternative forms 𣂺

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 新
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). 亲 is a variant of 辛 (OC *siŋ)

Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).

This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note: sêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 1shin
      • MiniDict: shin平
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1xin
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: sin1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /sin³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕin³³/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 新
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin²³/
Rime
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sin/
Li
Rong		 /siĕn/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tsʰi[n]/
English new

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
No. 13811
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 新
Old
Chinese		 /*siŋ/

Definitions

新

  1. new; fresh
    Antonyms: 舊／旧 (jiù), 老 (lǎo)
    新芽  ―  xīnyá  ―  sprout; bud
    新風氣／新风气  ―  xīn fēngqì  ―  new trend; new atmosphere
    新產品／新产品  ―  xīn chǎnpǐn  ―  new product
    新納粹／新纳粹  ―  xīnnàcuì  ―  neo-Nazi
    新鮭魚二月前不上市，對嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    新鲑鱼二月前不上市，对吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Xīn guīyú èryuè qián bù shàngshì, duì ma? [Pinyin]
    Fresh salmon doesn't come in before February, does it?
  2. new; unused
    Antonym: 舊／旧 (jiù)
    新車／新车  ―  xīn chē  ―  new car
    新衫 [Cantonese]  ―  san1 saam1 [Jyutping]  ―  new clothes
  3. recently or just married
    新人  ―  xīnrén  ―  newly married couple
    新娘  ―  xīnniáng  ―  bride
  4. the new
    迎新  ―  yíngxīn  ―  to welcome new arrivals
    推陳出新／推陈出新  ―  tuīchénchūxīn  ―  to get rid of the old and bring forth the new
  5. to make new
    耳目一新  ―  ěrmùyīxīn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. newly; freshly; recently
    新建成的超市  ―  xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì  ―  newly built supermarket
    係新買返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    系新买返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    hai6 san1 maai5 faan1 lai4 ge3. [Jyutping]
    I bought it only a while ago.
  7. (chemistry) meso-
  8. a surname. Xin
  9. (～朝) Xin dynasty
  10. Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
  11. Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).
  12. Short for 新西蘭／新西兰 (Xīnxīlán).
    澳新銀行／澳新银行  ―  Ào Xīn Yínháng  ―  Australia and New Zealand Banking Corporation (ANZ Bank)

See also
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		 1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		 221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		 206 BCE – 220 C.E.Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		 220 – 280 C.E.Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		 265 – 420 C.E.Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		 420 – 589 C.E.Northern dynasties
北朝		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		 581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		 618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		 907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		 907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		 960 – 1279 C.E.Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		 1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		 1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		 1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		 1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		 1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		 1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (新):
  • → Japanese: 新(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신(新) (sin)
  • → Vietnamese: tân (新)

Others:

Further reading

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji
新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. new
  2. change, reform

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
新
しん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/sin/ → /ɕin/

From Middle Chinese 新 (MC sin).

Compare modern Mandarin 新 (xīn), Hakka 新 (sîn), Min Nan 新 (sin), and Wu 新 (1shin).

Pronunciation

Noun

新(しん) • (shin) 

  1. a novelty
    Antonym: 旧 (kyū)
  2. Short for 新暦 (shinreki): the Gregorian calendar
  3. Short for 新株 (shinkabu) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. Short for 新銀 (shingin) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  5. Short for 新造 (shinzō) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Prefix

新(しん) • (shin-) 

  1. neo-
    新(しん)元(げん)号(ごう)
    shin-gengō
    new era name
    新(しん)世(せ)界(かい)
    Shinsekai
    the New World
    新(しん)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ)
    Shin'yaku Seisho
    the New Testament
  2. attached to the title of a fiction work to mean “new storyline”, to distinguish it from older works
    新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ
    Shin Tekken Chinmi
    New Ironfist Chinmi
  3. attached to the title of a fiction adaptation to mean “remake”, to distinguish it from older adaptations
    Lois & Clark　新(しん)スーパーマン
    Lois & Clark Shin Sūpāman
    Lois & Clark: New Superman
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

新(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. (historical) the Xin dynasty (8–23 CE)
  2. a placename
  3. a surname
  4. a male or female given name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
新
にい
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨nipi1⟩ → /nipʲi/ → /nifi/ → /niwi/ → /niː/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nipi.

Prefix

新(にい) • (nii-) 

  1. new, novel
  2. fresh
  3. original
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 新(にい)饗(あえ) (niiae)
  • 新(にい)尼(あま) (niiama)
  • 新(にい)潟(がた) (Niigata)
  • 新(にい)桑(ぐわ) (niiguwa)
  • 新(にい)防人(さきもり) (nii-sakimori)
  • 新(にい)搾(しぼり) (niishibori)
  • 新(にい)島(じま) (Niijima)
  • 新(にい)島(しま)守(もり) (nii-shimamori)
  • 新(にい)霊(たま) (niitama)
  • 新(にい)手(た)枕(まくら) (nii-tamakura)
  • 新(にい)妻(づま) (niizuma)
  • 新(にい)嘗(なえ) (niinae)
  • 新(にい)仏(ぼとけ) (niibotoke)
  • 新(にい)盆(ぼん) (niibon)
  • 新(にい)参(まい)り (niimairi)
  • 新(にい)学(まなび) (niimanabi)
  • 新(にい)麦(むぎ) (niimugi)
  • 新(にい)室(むろ) (niimuro)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
新
あら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Extension of 粗, 荒 (ara, “crude, raw”).

Prefix

新(あら) • (ara-) 

  1. new
  2. unused
  3. natural
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

新(あら) • (Ara) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
新
さら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
更

Noun

新(さら) • (sara) 

  1. something new and unused
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

新(さら) • (Sara) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5
Kanji in this term
新
あら(た)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Nominalization of adjective 新た (arata, “new”).

Proper noun

新(あらた) • (Arata) 

  1. a male or female given name
  2. a surname

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

新 (eumhun 새 신 (sae sin))

  1. Hanja form? of 신 (“new”).

Compounds

Kunigami

Kanji
新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Miyako

Kanji
新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Okinawan

Kanji
新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Vietnamese

Han character

新: Hán Nôm readings: tân[1][2][3][4]

  1. (only in compounds) new

Compounds
Derived terms

References
  1. Génibrel (1898).
  2. Bonet (1899).
  3. Trần (1999).
  4. Nguyễn et al. (2009).

Yaeyama

Kanji
新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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