霧

See also: 露 and 雾
霧 U+9727, 霧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9727
← 霦
[U+9726]
CJK Unified Ideographs 霨 →
[U+9728]

Translingual

Han character

霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1377, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese

trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 雺
霚
霿

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • mū - verncular;
  • ū - literary.

Rime
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡遇切
Baxter mjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/mioH/
Shao
Rongfen
/mioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muə̆H/
Li
Rong
/mioH/
Wang
Li
/mĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wù
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
English fog, mist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/2
No. 8856
Phonetic
component
矛
Rime
group
竇
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
務
Old
Chinese
/*moɡs/
Notes 見爾雅,說文作霚

Definitions

霧

  1. fog; mist
  2. vapour; fine spray
  3. (Hokkien) blurry
  4. (Internet slang) A particle placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the poster is joking. (used with parentheses)
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Tai: *ʰmoːkᴰ
    • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
  • → Proto-Vietic: *k-mɔːk

Etymology 2

trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 潕/𣲘
𫝞

Pronunciation


Definitions

霧

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
    Synonyms: 浡, 噴/喷, 濺/溅, 𫝺, 澍
    含血霧天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    含血雾天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    kâm hoeh bū thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    to slander people with false accusations
  2. (Hokkien) to gush upwards; to overflow from a container
    Synonyms: 浡, 泏, 溢, sōe-teⁿ
    燃滾水的時,鼎蓋若無掀開,滾水就會霧出來。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    燃滚水的时,鼎盖若无掀开,滚水就会雾出来。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Hiâⁿ kún-chúi ê sî, tiáⁿ-kòa nā bô hian--khui, kún-chúi tiō ē bū--chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When boiling water, if the lid is not lift, the water will overflow.

Usage notes

  • (first definition): For the subtle difference between the synonyms, please refer to the usage notes of 澍.
  • (second definition): 霧/雾 usually means overflowing due to boiling; 泏 usually means overflowing due to shaking; sōe-teⁿ means dribbling at a spout when it is nearly stopped up; 溢 is used in a general sense.

References

Etymology 3

trad. 霧
simp. 雾

Pronunciation


Definitions

霧

  1. (Northern Min) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 霿).

Japanese

Kanji

霧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

霧(きり) • (kiri) 

  1. mist, fog
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      重霧 下奇利
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。
      Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
      A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.

Derived terms

See also

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

  1. Hanja form? of 무 (“fog; mist”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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