額

See also: 额
額 U+984D, 額
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984D
← 題
[U+984C]
CJK Unified Ideographs 顎 →
[U+984E]

Translingual

Han character

額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)

Derived characters

  • 𡅅 𪭄 𢹷 𣌔 𥗳 𡿃

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese

trad. 額
simp. 额*
alternative forms 頟/额

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.

Pronunciation


Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
  • ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.

Rime
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五陌切
Baxter ngaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋaɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/ŋɐk̚/
Wang
Li
/ŋɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
è
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
é
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngæk ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ŋˁrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English forehead

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
No. 3906
Phonetic
component
各
Rime
group
鐸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
額
Old
Chinese
/*ŋɡraːɡ/
Notes 說文作頟

Definitions

額

  1. (anatomy) forehead
  2. top part
  3. horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
  4. amount; quantity; number
  5. a surname
Synonyms
  • (forehead):
  • (top part): 頂部/顶部 (dǐngbù)
  • (horizontal inscribed board):

Compounds

Pronunciation


  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 8gheq; 7eq
      • MiniDict: gheh入; eh入
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5hheq; 4eq
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦəʔ¹²/, /əʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

額

  1. (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個/个 (“possessive particle”)
Usage notes
  • This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
  • This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.

References

Pronunciation


Definitions

額

  1. (Mandarin) Alternative form of 呃 (“an interjection said when hesitating in speech”)

Japanese

Kanji

額

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forehead
  2. amount
  3. frame

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
額
ひたい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry.
【ひたい】
[noun] forehead
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
額
がく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).

Pronunciation

Noun

額(がく) • (gaku) 

  1. framed picture
  2. sum, amount
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
額
ぬか
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry.
【ぬか】
[noun] forehead
[noun] kowtowing
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 額 (eumhun 이마 액 (ima aek))

  1. Hanja form? of 액 (“forehead”).
  2. Hanja form? of 액 (“amount”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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