豆

See also: 荳 and 묘
豆 U+8C46, 豆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C46
← 豅
[U+8C45] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 豇 →
[U+8C47]
⾖ U+2F96, ⾖
KANGXI RADICAL BEAN
← ⾕
[U+2F95] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾗ →
[U+2F97]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

豆 (Kangxi radical 151, 豆+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿 (MRT), four-corner 10108, composition ⿱𠮛䒑)

  1. Kangxi radical #151, ⾖.

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1191, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36245
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1654, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3565, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8C46

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 豆
alternative forms 荳 “bean”

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 豆
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侸 *toː
剅 *toː, *roː
郖 *toː, *doːs
鬪 *toːs
鋀 *tʰoː
頭 *doː
豆 *doːs
逗 *doːs, *dos
痘 *doːs
梪 *doːs
脰 *doːs
荳 *doːs
浢 *doːs
餖 *doːs
毭 *doːs
豎 *djoʔ
裋 *djoʔ
短 *toːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – some kind of container. Borrowed phonetically for the plant name. Displaced Old Chinese 菽 (shū).

Etymology

Derived from 頭 (OC *doː), ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *du (“head”) (STEDT).

"Soybean > bean" is possibly the same word as "round vessel" (Unger, 1984)

Pronunciation

Note: dòur - bean-related senses.
Note:
  • dau6 - used in compounds;
  • dau6-2 - used as a standalone noun.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 豆
Mandarin Beijing /tou⁵¹/
Harbin /tou⁵³/
Tianjin /tou⁵³/
Jinan /tou²¹/
Qingdao /tou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tou³¹²/
Xi'an /tou⁴⁴/
Xining /tɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /təu¹³/
Lanzhou /tou¹³/
Ürümqi /tɤu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu³⁵/
Chengdu /təu¹³/
Guiyang /təu²¹³/
Kunming /təu²¹²/
Nanjing /təɯ⁴⁴/
Hefei /tɯ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /təu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /təu³⁵/
Hohhot /təu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /dɤ²³/
Suzhou /dɤ³¹/
Hangzhou /dei¹³/
Wenzhou /dɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰiu²²/
Tunxi /tʰiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁵⁵/
/təu¹¹/
Xiangtan /dəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɛu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰeu⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰeu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐu²²/
Nanning /tɐu²²/
Hong Kong /tɐu²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ²²/
/tau²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɑu²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /te⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tau³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdau²³/
Rime
Character 豆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 田候切
Baxter duwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dəuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dəuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dəwH/
Li
Rong		 /duH/
Wang
Li		 /dəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 dau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 豆 豆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dòu dòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ duwH › ‹ duwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[N.t]ˁo-s/ /*[d]ˁok-s/
English bean vessel with a neck

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 豆
Reading # 1/1
No. 2466
Phonetic
component		 豆
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*doːs/

Definitions

豆

  1. pod-bearing plant or its seeds; bean; pea (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
    綠豆／绿豆  ―  lǜdòu  ―  mung bean
    蠶豆／蚕豆  ―  cándòu  ―  fava bean
    豌豆  ―  wāndòu  ―  pea
  2. bean-shaped object (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
    咖啡豆  ―  kāfēidòu  ―  coffee bean
  3. (historical) stemmed shallow bowl on a round base, often with a lid and sometimes with handles, initially earthenware and used as a food container, later also made of wood or bronze and used to hold minced and pickled meats and vegetables and used in ritual sacrifice

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *tʰuəᴮ¹
    • Ahom: 𑜌𑜥 (thū)
    • Khün: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
    • Lao: ຖົ່ວ (thūa)
    • Lü: ᦷᦏᧈ (ṫho¹)
    • Northern Thai: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
    • Phake: ထုဝ် (thuw)
    • Shan: ထူဝ်ႇ (thò)
    • Tai Dam: ꪖ꪿ꪺ (thua2)
    • Tai Dón: ꪖꪺꫀ (tho2)
    • Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥝᥱ (thǒw)
    • Thai: ถั่ว (tùua)

References

Japanese

Kanji
豆

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. bean, legume

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
豆
まめ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨mame2⟩ → /mame/

From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *mamay.

Pronunciation

Noun

豆(まめ) • (mame) 

  1. the pulses
  2. a bean
  3. a pea
  4. a soybean

Idioms
  • 豆(まめ)を植(う)えて稗(ひえ)を得(え)る (mame o uete hie o eru, “to do something expecting good results, instead getting bad results”)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豆 (MC duwH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 豆 (eumhun 콩 두 (kong du))

  1. Hanja form? of 두 (“bean”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

豆: Hán Nôm readings: đậu[1], dấu[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of đậu (“bean”).

Derived terms

References
  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Trần (2004).

Zhuang

Noun

豆

  1. Sawndip form of daeuh (“seaweed, algae”)

Adjective

豆

  1. Sawndip form of daeuh (“green (as seaweed or algae)”)
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