雷同

Chinese

thunder
 
like; same; similar
like; same; similar; together; alike; with
trad. (雷同) 雷 同
simp. #(雷同) 雷 同

Etymology

The Eastern Han Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan (鄭玄), in his annotations to the Book of Rites (《禮記》), derived the meaning as "to echo each other [同 (OC *doːŋ)] in the manner of thunder [雷 (OC *ruːl)]", writing that "when a thunderclap strikes, all things resonate (with it) simultaneously" (「雷之發聲,物無不同時應者。」). The original text so commented upon, referring to the proper etiquette when receiving a lecture from an elder, reads

長者不及,毋儳言。正爾容,聽必恭。毋勦說,毋雷同。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
长者不及,毋儳言。正尔容,听必恭。毋剿说,毋雷同。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Zhǎngzhě bùjí, wú chányán. Zhèng ěr róng, tīng bì gōng. Wú jiǎoshuō, wú léitóng. [Pinyin]
If there be any subject on which the elder has not touched, let him not introduce it irregularly. Let him keep his deportment correct, and listen respectfully. Let him not appropriate (to himself) the words (of others), nor (repeat them) as (the echo does the) thunder.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 雷 同
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 魯回切 徒紅切
Baxter lwoj duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/luʌi/ /duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/luoi/ /duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/luɒi/ /duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lwəj/ /dəwŋ/
Li
Rong
/luᴀi/ /duŋ/
Wang
Li
/luɒi/ /duŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/luɑ̆i/ /dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
léi tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
leoi4 tung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雷 同
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
léi tóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ lwoj › ‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.rˁuj/ /*lˁoŋ/
English thunder together, join

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雷 同
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7707 12446
Phonetic
component
畾 同
Rime
group
微 東
Rime
subdivision
2 0
Corresponding
MC rime
雷 同
Old
Chinese
/*ruːl/ /*doːŋ/
Notes 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合,
如此方能音律諧和,
爲筒
(簫)初文

Verb

雷同

(set phrase)

  1. to be identical (when that should not be the case); to mirror each other; to resemble
    如有雷同,純屬巧合。 [MSC, trad.]
    如有雷同,纯属巧合。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rú yǒu léitóng, chúnshǔ qiǎohé. [Pinyin]
    Any resemblance to actual individuals or events is purely coincidental.
  2. to echo what others say; to parrot
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