項

See also: 项 and 頂
項 U+9805, 項
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9805
← 頄
[U+9804]
CJK Unified Ideographs 順 →
[U+9806]
㊠ U+32A0, ㊠
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ITEM
← ㊟
[U+329F]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊡ →
[U+32A1]

Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

項 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一月金 (MMBC), four-corner 11186, composition ⿰工頁)

Derived characters

  • 𬿦, 𠾿, 𡼔, 𢠷, 𢴦, 澒, 𬄝, 𭩆, 䁰, 𨬰, 𦺣, 𰽈

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43343
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1915, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4356, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9805

Chinese

trad. 項
simp. 项

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡroːŋʔ) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 項
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /xaŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ¹³/
/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xaŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /xaŋ¹³/
/ɕiaŋ¹³/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹³/ 老
/ɕiaŋ²¹³/ 新
Kunming /xã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiɑ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/
/ɕyə³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xa³⁵/
Tunxi /xau²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /xɔn⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²²/
Nanning /hɔŋ²²/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /haŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /haŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /haŋ³³/

Rime
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡講切
Baxter haewngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠʌŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚɔŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɔŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦaɨwŋX/
Li
Rong
/ɣɔŋX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɔŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɔŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hong6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ hæwngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁroŋʔ/
English neck

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
No. 4019
Phonetic
component
工
Rime
group
東
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
項
Old
Chinese
/*ɡroːŋʔ/

Definitions

項

  1. nape of neck
  2. neck
    項鏈/项链  ―  xiàngliàn  ―  necklace
  3. item
    事項/事项  ―  shìxiàng  ―  matter
  4. Classifier for items, tasks, principles, clauses, etc.
    一項任務/一项任务  ―  yī xiàng rènwù  ―  a task
    一項代誌/一项代志 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t hāng tāi-chì [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a matter
    性激素六項/性激素六项  ―  xìngjīsù liù xiàng  ―  six hormones checked in a hormone test
    逐項審議/逐项审议  ―  zhú xiàng shěnyì  ―  to review item by item
  5. sum of money
  6. (mathematics) term
    多項式/多项式  ―  duōxiàngshì  ―  polynomial
  7. (law) count (charge)
  8. (Hakka) on; above
    桌項/桌项 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  chok hong [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  on the desk
  9. a surname: Xiang

Synonyms

  • (neck):

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

項

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
項
うなじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 項 – see the following entry.
【うなじ】
[noun] nape (back of the neck)
(This term, 項, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
項
うな
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 項 – see the following entry.
【うな】
[prefix] of the neck or nape
[pronoun] (dialect) a second person pronoun:
[pronoun] (dialect, Tōhoku, Tochigi, Hachijō, Niigata, Nagano, Mie, Kyūshū) you (only used to subordinates or being rude)
[pronoun] (dialect, Kōzushima) you (formal)
(This term, 項, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
項
こう
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 項 (MC haewngX).

Pronunciation

Noun

項(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

  1. section
  2. (mathematics) term
  3. (linguistics) argument

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 項 (MC haewngX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅘᅡᇰ〯 (Yale: hhǎng)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527목 (Yale: mwòk)하ᇰ〯 (Yale: hǎng)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [항(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 項 (eumhun 항목(項目) 항 (hangmok hang))

  1. Hanja form? of 항 (“clause, section; item (in a list)”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 항 (“(mathematics) term”). [noun]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

項: Hán Nôm readings: hạng, háng, hảng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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