虹
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
虹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)
Derived characters
- 渱, 𬁅, 𫕩, 𬀒
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1076, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
- Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2834, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8679
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
虹 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 虹 | |
|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.
In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology
Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
虹
Synonyms
- (rainbow):
See also
- 霓 (ní)
Compounds
- 丹虹
- 副虹
- 垂虹
- 垂虹亭
- 垂虹橋／垂虹桥
- 天虹 (tiānhóng)
- 宛虹
- 幡虹
- 彩虹 (cǎihóng)
- 攄虹／摅虹
- 文虹
- 斷虹／断虹
- 日虹
- 星虹
- 晴虹
- 月虹 (yuèhóng)
- 梁虹
- 橋虹／桥虹
- 殘虹／残虹
- 氣勢如虹／气势如虹 (qìshìrúhóng)
- 氣吐虹霓／气吐虹霓
- 氣吞虹蜺／气吞虹蜺
- 氣貫長虹／气贯长虹
- 煙虹／烟虹
- 玉泉垂虹
- 玉虹
- 白虹
- 白虹貫日／白虹贯日
- 直虹
- 荊虹／荆虹
- 虹丹
- 虹伸
- 虹光
- 虹勢／虹势
- 虹吸作用
- 虹吸現象／虹吸现象
- 虹吸管
- 虹女
- 虹帶／虹带
- 虹彩 (hóngcǎi)
- 虹彩膜
- 虹旃
- 虹旆
- 虹旌
- 虹旍
- 虹旗
- 虹星
- 虹映
- 虹梁
- 虹棧／虹栈
- 虹樓／虹楼
- 虹橋／虹桥 (hóngqiáo)
- 虹橋板／虹桥板
- 虹氣／虹气
- 虹泉
- 虹沴
- 虹洞
- 虹燭錠／虹烛锭
- 虹玉
- 虹申
- 虹絲／虹丝
- 虹腰
- 虹膜 (hóngmó)
- 虹舸
- 虹草
- 虹蝀／虹𬟽
- 虹蜺 (hóngní)
- 虹蜺閣／虹蜺阁
- 虹裳
- 虹輝／虹辉
- 虹采
- 虹陛
- 虹雨
- 虹霓 (hóngní)
- 虹飲／虹饮
- 虹鱒／虹鳟 (hóngzūn)
- 蛇虹
- 蝦虹／虾虹
- 謀虹／谋虹
- 貫虹／贯虹
- 跨虹
- 長虹／长虹 (chánghóng)
- 長虹貫日／长虹贯日
- 陰虹／阴虹
- 隱虹／隐虹
- 雄虹
- 雌虹
- 雰虹／氛虹
- 電虹／电虹
- 霓虹 (níhóng)
- 霓虹燈／霓虹灯 (níhóngdēng)
- 霞虹
- 青虹
- 風虹／风虹
- 飲虹／饮虹
- 鬐虹
Pronunciation 2
Pronunciation 3
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虹 |
| にじ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 霓 |
⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/
From Old Japanese 虹 (nizi). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]
Also attested as man’yōgana form 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier ぬじ (nuji) or のじ (noji) readings.
Noun
虹 • (niji)
- a rainbow
- Synonym: 虹霓 (kōgei)
- 春雨がやんだ途端に、美しい虹が現れた。
- Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
- Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1:
- 虹 毛詩註云：「螮蝀虹也帝董、二音螮又作レ蝃。」［和名：爾之］
兼名苑云：「虹，一名蜺。」五稽反、與レ鯢同、又五結倪擊二反。
今按、雄曰レ虹、雌曰レ蜺也。- Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s command of two syllables: tei-tung or teitō. Japanese name, niji.
According to the Jianming Yuan, 虹 is also written as 蜺 (Chinese fanqie: 五稽), same [component] with 鯢; five salamanders connect themselves by their ends (Chinese fanqie [of latter]: 擊二).
Today, males call the rainbow 虹 while females 蜺.
- Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s command of two syllables: tei-tung or teitō. Japanese name, niji.
Derived terms
Idioms
- 虹を吐く (niji o haku)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虹 |
| のず Grade: S |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 虹 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 虹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Derived terms
References
- “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 호ᇰ (hwong) (Yale: hwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC kuwngH).
Okinawan
Readings
- Kun: ぬーじ (nūji)
Old Japanese
Etymology
From Proto-Japonic *nonsi. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
虹 (nizi) (kana にじ)
Descendants
- Japanese: 虹 (niji)
References
- “虹・霓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Vietnamese
Han character
虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng[1]
虹: Nôm readings: vồng[1]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
- Trần (2004).