赤

See also: 亦

赤 U+8D64, 赤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D64
← 赣
[U+8D63] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 赥 →
[U+8D65]
⾚ U+2F9A, ⾚
KANGXI RADICAL RED
← ⾙
[U+2F99] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾛ →
[U+2F9B]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

赤 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土中弓金 (GLNC), four-corner 40331, composition ⿱土⿻小丿(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿻小丨(H))

  1. Kangxi radical #155, ⾚.

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36993
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3506, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8D64

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 赤
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
浾 *sqraː
嚇 *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ
赦 *hljaɡs
郝 *qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
赫 *qʰraːɡ
爀 *qʰraːɡ
赤 *kʰljaɡ
烾 *kʰljaɡ
螫 *qʰjaːɡ
赥 *qʰleːɡ
捇 *qʰʷreːɡ
焃 *qʰʷreːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“person, big”) + 火 (“fire”) – the color of fire (a person by a fire).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 赤
alternative forms 灻
𤆍
烾 ancient
刺 Hokkien

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krak (“blood; red”), whence Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).

Pronunciation

Note: cik3 - literary.
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: cet2, ciak1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiak̚³³/
Note: ciak1 - in 赤坎.
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ciit6 / cah6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
Note:
  • ciit6 - literary;
  • cah6 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 赤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌石切
Baxter tsyhek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕʰiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cʰiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 cik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 赤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyhek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t-qʰ](r)Ak/
English red

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 赤
Reading # 1/1
No. 1477
Phonetic
component		 赤
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 尺
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰljaɡ/

Definitions

赤

  1. (literary or poetic) red, crimson
    赤字  ―  chìzì  ―  deficit (literally: red figures/numbers)
    赤色的晚霞  ―  chìsè de wǎnxiá  ―  red sunset clouds
  2. (Teochew) brown
  3. loyal; sincere
    赤忱  ―  chìchén  ―  absolutely sincere
  4. empty; bare
    赤貧／赤贫  ―  chìpín  ―  utterly destitute
    赤手空拳  ―  chìshǒukōngquán  ―  with bare hands and fists
  5. to be naked
    赤腳／赤脚  ―  chìjiǎo  ―  to be barefoot
  6. (politics) revolutionary; communist; red
    赤化  ―  chìhuà  ―  to communize; to turn Red
  7. pure gold
  8. (Hokkien) lean (of meat)
  9. (Hokkien) to brown (to cook something until it becomes brown)
  10. (Hokkien) fierce and unreasonable; tough and unable to talk sense (especially of a woman)
  11. (Mainland China Hokkien) poor; impoverished
Synonyms
  • (red):
Dialectal synonyms of 紅 (“red”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 赤, 紅, 彤
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 紅
Mandarin Beijing 紅
Taiwan 紅
Tianjin 紅
Tangshan 紅
Cangzhou 紅
Baoding 紅
Shijiazhuang 紅
Chifeng 紅
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 紅
Harbin 紅
Shenyang 紅
Yantai (Muping) 紅
Qingdao 紅
Jinan 紅
Luoyang 紅
Wanrong 紅
Zhengzhou 紅
Xi'an 紅
Yinchuan 紅
Lanzhou 紅
Xining 紅
Ürümqi 紅
Wuhan 紅
Chengdu 紅
Chongqing 紅
Guiyang 紅
Kunming 紅
Guilin 紅
Liuzhou 紅
Xuzhou 紅
Yangzhou 紅
Nanjing 紅
Hefei 紅
Nantong 紅
Malaysia 紅
Singapore 紅
Cantonese Guangzhou 紅
Hong Kong 紅
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 紅
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 紅
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 紅
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 紅
Macau 紅
Guangzhou (Panyu) 紅
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 紅
Guangzhou (Conghua) 紅
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 紅
Foshan 紅
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 紅
Foshan (Shunde) 紅
Foshan (Sanshui) 紅
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 紅
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 紅
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 紅
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 紅
Zhuhai (Doumen) 紅
Jiangmen (Baisha) 紅
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 紅
Taishan 紅
Kaiping (Chikan) 紅
Enping (Niujiang) 紅
Heshan (Yayao) 紅
Dongguan 紅
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 紅
Yangjiang 紅
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 紅
Singapore (Guangfu) 紅
Gan Nanchang 紅
Lichuan 紅
Pingxiang 紅
Hakka Meixian 紅
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 紅
Dongguan (Qingxi) 紅
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 紅
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 紅
Wuhua (Huacheng) 紅
Heyuan (Bendihua) 紅
Wengyuan 紅
Liannan 紅
Conghua (Lütian) 紅
Jiexi 紅
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 紅
Changting 紅
Wuping (Yanqian) 紅
Ninghua 紅
Yudu 紅
Ningdu 紅
Tonggu (Sandu) 紅
Ganzhou (Panlong) 紅
Dayu 紅
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 紅
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 紅
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 紅
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 紅
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 紅
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 紅
Hong Kong 紅
Mengshan (Xihe) 紅
Luchuan 紅
Senai (Huiyang) 紅
Kuching (Hepo) 紅
Huizhou Jixi 紅
Shexian 紅
Jin Taiyuan 紅
Xinzhou 紅
Linhe 紅
Jining 紅
Hohhot 紅
Zhangjiakou 紅
Handan 紅
Northern Min Jian'ou 紅
Eastern Min Fuzhou 紅
Southern Min Xiamen 紅
Xiamen (Tong'an) 紅
Quanzhou 紅
Yongchun 紅
Zhangzhou 紅
Zhao'an 紅
Taipei (Wanhua) 紅
Kaohsiung 紅
Yilan 紅
Changhua (Lukang) 紅
Taichung 紅
Taichung (Wuqi) 紅
Tainan 紅
Taitung 紅
Hsinchu 紅
Penghu (Magong) 紅
Penang (Hokkien) 紅
Singapore (Hokkien) 紅
Manila (Hokkien) 紅
Chaozhou 紅
Shantou 紅
Shantou (Chenghai) 紅
Jieyang 紅
Haifeng 紅
Bangkok (Teochew) 紅
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 紅
Singapore (Teochew) 紅
Leizhou 紅
Wenchang 紅
Haikou 紅
Singapore (Hainanese) 紅
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 赤
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 紅
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 紅
Shehua Fu'an 赤
Fuding 赤
Luoyuan 赤
Sanming 紅
Shunchang 紅
Hua'an 紅
Guixi (Zhangping) 紅
Cangnan 赤
Jingning 赤
Lishui 赤
Longyou 赤
Chaozhou 紅
Fengshun 紅
Wu Shanghai 紅
Shanghai (Chongming) 紅
Suzhou 紅
Danyang 紅
Hangzhou 紅
Ningbo 紅
Wenzhou 紅
Jinhua 紅
Xiang Changsha 紅
Loudi 紅
  • (poor):
Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 貧, 窮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
Mandarin Taiwan 窮, 貧窮
Yantai (Muping) 窮
Luoyang 窮
Wanrong 窮
Xi'an 窮
Yinchuan 窮
Chengdu 苦寒
Nanjing 窮
Singapore 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
Cantonese Guangzhou 窮
Hong Kong 窮
Taishan 窮
Gan Nanchang 窮
Pingxiang 窮
Hakka Meixian 窮
Jin Taiyuan 窮
Northern Min Jian'ou 窮無
Eastern Min Fuzhou 窮
Southern Min Xiamen 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
Quanzhou 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
Hui'an 窮赤
Zhangzhou 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤
Tainan 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
Raoping 磽
Shantou 窮, 磽
Jieyang 窮, 磽
Leizhou 窮, 蒯
Wu Shanghai 窮
Suzhou 窮
Danyang 窮
Hangzhou 窮
Jinhua 倒灶

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Proto-Mien: *sekᴰ (“red”)

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 赤
alternative forms 𣤩

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 刺?”)

Pronunciation

Definitions

赤

  1. (Cantonese) painful; aching
    頭赤／头赤 [Cantonese]  ―  tau4 cek3 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a headache
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 疼 (“painful”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 痛, 疼1, 疼痛
Mandarin Beijing 疼1
Taiwan 痛
Tianjin 疼1
Tangshan 疼1
Cangzhou 疼1
Baoding 疼1
Shijiazhuang 疼1, 痛
Chifeng 疼1
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 疼1, 痛
Harbin 疼1
Shenyang 疼1, 痛
Yantai (Muping) 痛
Qingdao 疼1
Jinan 疼1
Luoyang 疼1
Wanrong 疼1
Zhengzhou 疼1
Xi'an 疼1
Yinchuan 疼1
Lanzhou 疼1
Xining 疼1
Ürümqi 疼1
Wuhan 疼1
Chengdu 痛, 疼1
Chongqing 痛
Guiyang 痛
Kunming 疼1, 痛
Guilin 痛
Liuzhou 痛
Xuzhou 疼1
Yangzhou 疼1, 痛
Nanjing 疼1
Hefei 疼1
Nantong 疼1, 痛
Malaysia 痛, 疼
Singapore 痛
Dagudi (Maliba) 疼1
Reshuitang (Longling) 疼1
Mae Salong (Lancang) 疼1
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 疼1
Cantonese Guangzhou 痛, 赤
Hong Kong 痛, 赤
Taishan 赤
Kaiping (Chikan) 赤
Yangjiang 痛
Nanning 痛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 痛
Singapore (Guangfu) 痛
Gan Nanchang 痛
Hakka Meixian 痛
Dongguan (Qingxi) 痛
Heyuan (Bendihua) 痛
Wengyuan 痛
Liannan 痛
Jiexi 疾
Luhe 痛
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 疾
Changting 疾
Wuping (Yanqian) 疾
Ninghua 疾
Yudu 痛
Ningdu 痛
Tonggu (Sandu) 痛
Ganzhou (Panlong) 痛
Dayu 痛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 痛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 痛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 痛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 痛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 疾
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 疾
Hong Kong 痛
Yangxi (Tangkou) 痛
Yangchun (Sanjia) 痛
Xinyi (Sihe) 痛
Xinyi (Qianpai) 痛
Gaozhou (Xindong) 痛
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 痛
Huazhou (Xin'an) 痛
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 痛
Lianjiang (Qingping) 痛
Mengshan (Xihe) 痛
Luchuan 痛
Senai (Huiyang) 痛
Kuching (Hepo) 痛
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 痛
Huizhou Jixi 痛
Shexian 痛
Jin Taiyuan 疼1
Xinzhou 疼1
Linhe 疼1
Jining 疼1
Hohhot 疼1
Zhangjiakou 疼1
Handan 疼1
Northern Min Jian'ou 字
Eastern Min Fuzhou 疼2
Southern Min Xiamen 疼2
Quanzhou 疼2
Zhangzhou 疼2
Tainan 疼2
Singapore (Hokkien) 疼2
Manila (Hokkien) 疼2
Chaozhou 疼2
Shantou (Chaoyang) 疼2
Bangkok (Teochew) 疼2
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 疼2
Singapore (Teochew) 疼2
Leizhou 疼2
Wenchang 疼2
Haikou 疼2
Singapore (Hainanese) 疼2
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 痛
Wu Shanghai 痛
Suzhou 痛
Danyang 痛
Hangzhou 痛
Ningbo 痛
Wenzhou 痛
Xiang Changsha 痛
Shuangfeng 痛

Compounds

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 赤 – see 刺 (“a pointed structure which is able to pierce something; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 刺).
Notes:

Japanese
Stroke order
7 strokes

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. red

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation

Noun
Kanji in this term
赤
あか
Grade: 1
Alternative spelling
朱

赤(あか) or 赤(アカ) • (aka) 

  1. red (color)
  2. communism, socialism
  3. a communist

Derived terms

Prefix

赤(あか) • (aka-) 

  1. entirely

Derived terms

See also
Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
     白(しろ) (shiro)      灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro),
鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)		      黒(くろ) (kuro)
             赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku),
クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro),
紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro),
茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro)		              オレンジ (orenji),
橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo),
褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)		              黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
             黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)              緑(みどり) (midori),
青(あお) (ao) (dated)		              若緑(わかみどり) (wakamidori)
             シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の羽色(はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)              水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro)              青(あお) (ao)
             菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro),
インジゴ (injigo)		              マゼンタ (mazenta),
赤紫(あかむらさき) (akamurasaki); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki)		              ピンク (pinku),
桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

赤 (eumhun 붉을 적 (bulgeul jeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 적 (“red”).

Kunigami

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /hakaː/

Noun

赤(はか゚ー) (hakā) 

  1. red

Miyako

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /aka/

Noun

赤(あか) (aka) 

  1. red

Northern Amami-Oshima

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [akʰa]

Noun

赤(あか) (aka) 

  1. red

Okinawan

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔaka/

Noun

赤(あか) (aka) 

  1. red

Vietnamese

Han character

赤: Hán Nôm readings: xích

  1. chữ Hán form of xích (“red”).

Compounds

Yaeyama

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔaka/

Noun

赤(あか) (aka) 

  1. red

Yonaguni

Kanji
赤

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /aɡa/

Noun

赤(あが) (aga) 

  1. red
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