仁者

Chinese

		humane; kernel	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
simp. and trad. (仁者)		仁	者

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rénzhě

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ ze²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rénzhě
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rénjhě
  - Wade–Giles: jên²-chê³
  - Yale: rén-jě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renjee
  - Palladius: жэньчжэ (žɛnʹčžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan⁴ ze²
  - Yale: yàhn jé
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ dze²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ zé²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

Middle Chinese: nyin tsyaeX

Rime
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	如鄰切	章也切
Baxter	nyin	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁴	ze²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njin tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*niŋ/	/*tAʔ/
English	kind	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10801	16960
Phonetic component	人	者
Rime group	眞	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	仁	者
Old Chinese	/*njin/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

仁者

(formal) virtuous person; benevolent person
- 子曰：「唯仁者能好人，能惡人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「唯仁者能好人，能恶人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐyuē: “Wéi rénzhě néng hào rén, néng wù rén.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "It is only the (truly) virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."
- 仁者愛人，有禮者敬人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  仁者爱人，有礼者敬人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Rénzhě ài rén, yǒulǐ zhě jìng rén. [Pinyin]
  A benevolent person loves others. A person of propriety shows respect to others.

Synonyms

仁人 (rénrén)

Derived terms

仁者見仁，智者見智／仁者见仁，智者见智 (rénzhě jiàn rén, zhìzhě jiàn zhì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (仁者):

→ Japanese: 仁者(じんしゃ) (jinsha)
→ Korean: 인자(仁者) (inja)
→ Vietnamese: nhân giả (仁者)

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “仁者” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
仁	者
じん Grade: 6	しゃ Grade: 3
kan’on

Alternative spelling
仁者 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩɰ̃ɕa̠]

Noun

仁(じん)者(しゃ) • (jinsha)

a virtuous person
仁者(じんしゃ)は憂(うれ)えず。
Jinsha wa urēzu.
The virtuous person is without worry.
a benevolent person, a humanitarian
Synonym: 仁人 (jinjin)

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