機

機 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 4295₃, composition ⿰木幾)

• 𣡯

• 机 (Simplified Chinese)

• き (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
• キ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 554, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
• Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1298, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6A5F

Note that in Japanese, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.

Historical forms of the character 機
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).

機

1. weaving machine; spinning machine

   機杼／机杼  ―  jīzhù  ―  loom

2. machine; apparatus; device

   打字機／打字机  ―  dǎzìjī  ―  typewriter

3. (mostly in compounds) Short for 飛機／飞机 (fēijī, “aircraft”). (Classifier: 架 c)

   機票／机票  ―  jīpiào  ―  plane ticket

   機場／机场  ―  jīchǎng  ―  airport

   無人機／无人机  ―  wúrénjī  ―  drone

   登機／登机  ―  dēngjī  ―  to board a plane

   坐穩機！／坐稳机！ [Cantonese]  ―  co⁵ wan² gei¹! [Jyutping]  ―  Have a safe flight!

4. (mostly in compounds) Short for 手機／手机 (shǒujī, “cellphone”).
5. (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 遊戲機／游戏机 (yóuxìjī, “video game”).
6. flight (Classifier: 班 m c)
7. mechanism; process

   玄機／玄机  ―  xuánjī  ―  arcane truth; nature's mystery

8. cause; reason
9. secret; confidential (affair)

   機密／机密  ―  jīmì  ―  top secret

10. opportunity; chance; crucial point

    戰機／战机  ―  zhànjī  ―  opportunity in battle

11. plan; idea

    神機／神机  ―  shénjī  ―  marvellous strategy

12. flexible; quick-witted
13. organic

    有機／有机  ―  yǒujī  ―  organic

Others:

• → Vietnamese: cơ
• → Thai: กี่ (gìi)
• → Northern Thai: ᨠᩦ᩵
• → Khün: ᨠᩦ᩵
• → Lao: ກີ່ (kī)
• → Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)
• → Shan: ၵီႇ (kìi)

• “機”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. loom
2. machine
3. opportunity

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: はた (hata, 機, Jōyō); こぶち (kobuchi); おり (ori, 機); わかつり (wakatsuri)

• Often used interchangeably in compounds with 器 (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while 器 implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”) with 検知器 (kenchiki, “sensor, detector”).

, ryakuji for 機.

機 has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):

• A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for 議 and for 魔/摩. Note that キ is itself a Heian-period simplification of 幾.
• Graphical simplification.
• Graphical simplification.
• Graphical simplification.

From Middle Chinese 機／机 (kjɨj, “mechanism; opportunity, chance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

• (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

機(き) • (ki) 

1. a machine, a device; a contraption
2. (weaving) a loom
3. an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
4. something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
5. resourcefulness
6. (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
7. by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
8. in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
9. short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
10. short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun

機(き) • (-ki) 

1. indicates aircraft
2. indicates paper aeroplanes
3. indicates lives in video games

機(き) • (-ki) 

1. indicates machines
2. indicates airplanes

   戦(せん)闘(とう)機(き)

   sentōki

   a fighter aircraft

Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of 首 (kōbe, “head”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking, hitting”).[3][1]

• (Tokyo) こぶち [kòbúchí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞bɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕi]

機(こぶち) • (kobuchi) 

1. a trap or snare that works by beheading the bird or beast caught in it

From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare 旗 (hata, “a flag”). Compare Korean 베틀 (beteul).

• (Tokyo) はた​ [hàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ta̠]

機(はた) • (hata) 

1. (weaving) a loom
2. woven cloth

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, “to manipulate something”),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (okotsuru, “to manipulate or con someone”),[3] a compound of 痴 (oko, “a fool”) + 釣る (tsuru, “to fish, to draw out”).[3]

• IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ka̠t͡sɨᵝɾʲi]

機(わかつり) • (wakatsuri) 

1. manipulation (as in a device)
2. manipulation (as in a person): deception, taking someone in
3. getting on someone's right side; humoring someone; an effort to please someone

From Middle Chinese 機 (MC kj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean 긔 (kuy) (Yale: kuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 機 (eumhun 틀 기 (teul gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“machine”).
2. Hanja form^? of 기 (“opportunity; chance”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

機: Hán Nôm readings: cơ, ki

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