班

班 U+73ED, 班
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73ED
← 珬
[U+73EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 珮 →
[U+73EE]

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

班 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈中土 (MGILG), four-corner 11114, composition ⿲𤣩刂王 or ⿴玨刂)

Derived characters

  • 㿀 𠺚 𢲔 𣗝 𨫄 𩺡 𩔮 𪄕(𪉒) 𦶾 𠞢 𪱟 𬂇 𭨞 𮚽

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 731, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20976
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1113, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+73ED

Chinese

trad. 班
simp. # 班
alternative forms 𤤻
𤦦
𣪂
𤼬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 班
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 玨 (“two jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ (bral ba, “to be separated”), འཕྲལ་བ ('phral ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.

Karlgren (1933) grouped 班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and 釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.

Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer រាល (riəl, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer ព្រាល (priəl, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.

Possibly the same etymon as 斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated, spotted, striped”), which may be cognate to 羆 (OC *pral, “brown bear”) (Zhang, 2019).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 布還切
Baxter paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pˠan/
Pan
Wuyun
/pᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen
/pɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/paɨn/
Li
Rong
/pan/
Wang
Li
/pan/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
baan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bān
Middle
Chinese
‹ pæn ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁ<r>an/
English divide, distribute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
No. 224
Phonetic
component
班
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
班
Old
Chinese
/*praːn/

Definitions

班

  1. group; party; class
    培訓班/培训班  ―  péixùnbān  ―  training course
    你邊班㗎?/你边班㗎? [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 bin1 baan1 gaa3? [Jyutping]  ―  Which class are you in?
    我們班有三十個同學。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们班有三十个同学。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bān yǒu sānshí ge tóngxué. [Pinyin]
    There are thirty students in our class.
  2. (military) squad
  3. shift; work shift
    上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work
    晚班  ―  wǎnbān  ―  night shift
  4. (dated) opera troupe
    徽班  ―  Huī bān  ―  Anhui troupe
    班本  ―  bānběn  ―  opera script
  5. (literary) to divide; to distribute
  6. (literary) to spread out
  7. (literary) to rank; to arrange
  8. (literary) rank; grade
  9. (literary) equal; in the same rank
  10. (alt. form 頒/颁) (literary) to promulgate; to issue
  11. Classifier for a group of people.
    有班中學生喺球場度打緊波。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    有班中学生喺球场度打紧波。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jau5 baan1 zung1 hok6 saang1 hai2 kau4 coeng4 dou6 daa2 gan2 bo1. [Jyutping]
    A group of secondary school students are playing ball games in the playground.
  12. Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
    下一班車什麼時候到? [MSC, trad.]
    下一班车什么时候到? [MSC, simp.]
    Xià yī bān chē shénme shíhou dào? [Pinyin]
    What time is the next bus?
  13. (in compounds, of transport) regular; scheduled
    班船  ―  bānchuán  ―  scheduled ferry
  14. (Cantonese) Classifier for classes.
    我哋一級有五班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我哋一级有五班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 dei6 jat1 kap1 jau5 ng5 baan1. [Jyutping]
    We have five classes in each year.
  15. (Cantonese, figurative) league; rank; level; ability; competence
    夠班/够班 [Cantonese]  ―  gau3 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to be qualified (literally, “to have enough competence”)
    高班 [Cantonese]  ―  gou1 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  of high competence
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲係爭幾班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲系争几班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 ge3 nang4 lik6 tung4 kei4 taa1 jan4 bei2 zung6 hai6 zaang1 gei2 baan1. [Jyutping]
    His ability is still several leagues behind others.
  16. (Cantonese) to gather; to assemble
  17. (literary) to withdraw
    班師/班师  ―  bānshī  ―  to withdraw troops
  18. Alternative form of 斑 (bān, “spotted; striped”)
  19. a surname
    班固  ―  Bān Gù  ―  Ban Gu (historian)

Usage notes

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (班):
  • → Japanese: 班(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 반(班) (ban)
  • → Vietnamese: ban (班)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 班
Kyūjitai
[1]

班󠄁
班+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
班󠄃
班+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

班

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. group, party, section

Readings

Pronunciation

Suffix

班(はん) • (-han) 

  1. group, party
  2. (military) section

References

  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1431 (paper), page 766 (digital)
  2. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

班 (eumhun 나눌 반 (nanul ban))

  1. Hanja form? of 반 (“group; class”).

Vietnamese

Han character

班: Hán Nôm readings: ban, băn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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