渠

渠 U+6E20, 渠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E20
← 渟
[U+6E1F]
CJK Unified Ideographs 渡 →
[U+6E21]

Translingual

Han character

渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 633, character 48
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6E20

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).

Etymology 1

trad. 渠
simp. # 渠
2nd round simp. 洰
“ditch; canal; drain”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 渠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 強魚切
Baxter gjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/ɡiɔ/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
keoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渠
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qú
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjo ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)a/
English canal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渠
Reading # 1/1
No. 7042
Phonetic
component
巨
Rime
group
魚
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡa/

Definitions

渠

  1. ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條/条 m c)
    靈渠/灵渠  ―  Língqú  ―  Lingqu (a canal in present-day Xing'an County, Guangxi, China, constructed in 214 BCE)
    污水渠 [Cantonese]  ―  wu1 seoi2 keoi4 [Jyutping]  ―  sewer
  2. (literary) big; huge
  3. a surname
Usage notes

Unlike 溝/沟 (gōu), which refers to both artificial and natural watercourses, 渠 (qú) refers only to artificial watercourses.

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 渠
simp. # 渠
2nd round simp. 洰
alternative forms 𠍲
佢 dialectal
伊 S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese

Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • keoi5, heoi5 - vernacular (most commonly written as 佢);
  • keoi4 - literary.

Rime
Character 渠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 強魚切
Baxter gjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/ɡiɔ/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
keoi4

Definitions

渠

  1. (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

渠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

渠 (eum 거 (geo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự

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