他

See also: 她, 祂, 牠, and ⿰男也
Not to be confused with 也
他 U+4ED6, 他
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ED6
← 仕
[U+4ED5]
CJK Unified Ideographs 仗 →
[U+4ED7]

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

他 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人心木 (OPD), four-corner 24212, composition ⿰亻也)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 370
  • Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 115, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4ED6

Chinese

trad. 他
simp. # 他

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

Corrupted form of 佗 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl), which is found in Zuozhuan.

Etymology

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps cognate with 誃 (OC *l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ, “to separate”).

The modern sense of "he, she, it" only emerged after the Han period in colloquial passages, and displaced classical 其 (OC *ɡɯ) and 之 (OC *tjɯ) in mandarin dialects. (Pulleyblank, 1995)

The phonological development from Middle Chinese was irregular. The expected reflex is tuō, which is sometimes used in literary contexts for the classical "other" sense, but in most Mandarin dialects it is read like tā.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • thaⁿ/tha - vernacular;
  • tho - literary.

Rime
Character 他
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 託何切
Baxter tha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰa/
Li
Rong
/tʰɑ/
Wang
Li
/tʰɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tuō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
to1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 他
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tā
Middle
Chinese
‹ tha ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁaj/ (E dialect: *l̥ˁ- > MC th-)
English another

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 他
Reading # 1/1
No. 14765
Phonetic
component
也
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
佗
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːl/
Notes 俗與佗通用

Definitions

他

  1. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, Xiang, dialectal Wu, originally gender-neutral; nowadays usually referring to males) he; him; she; her
    他去了。  ―  Tā qù le.  ―  He went away.
    我認識他。/我认识他。  ―  Wǒ rènshi tā.  ―  I know him.
  2. A dummy pronoun. Compare object pronoun 之 (zhī)
    睡他個昏天黑地/睡他个昏天黑地  ―  shuì tā ge hūntiānhēidì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    alt. forms: 它
  3. other; another
    別無他求/别无他求  ―  bié wú tā qiú  ―  have no other request (formal)
  4. a surname

Usage notes

  • (personal pronoun):
    • Originally gender-neutral before the 1910s, when the character 她 (tā, “she; her”) was coined; now usually refers to males (also occasionally refers to females).
      • However, 他/她/牠/它/祂 (tā) is only a written distinction; they are all still pronounced as tā.
    • This term can refer to a person of unknown gender or there is no need to mention gender of the person referred to, while 他/她 (gender binary) is also used; see also Internet slang TA (tā, “they (singular)”).

Synonyms

Most of the words in the table below are gender-neutral in spoken form.

See also

Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns
Person Singular Plural
1st — 我 (wǒ) 我們/我们 (wǒmen)
inclusive 咱們/咱们 (zánmen)
2nd male/indefinite 你 (nǐ) 你們/你们 (nǐmen)
female 妳/你 (nǐ) 妳們/你们 (nǐmen)
deity 祢 (nǐ) 祢們/祢们 (nǐmen)
polite 您 (nín) 你們/你们 (nǐmen)
您們/您们 (nínmen)
3rd male/indefinite 他 (tā) 他們/他们 (tāmen)
female 她 (tā) 她們/她们 (tāmen)
deity 祂 (tā) 祂們/祂们 (tāmen)
animal 牠/它 (tā) 牠們/它们 (tāmen)
inanimate 它 (tā) 它們/它们 (tāmen)

Compounds

Descendants

  • Wutunhua: ta (“he; she; it”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

他

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
他
ほか
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
他
た
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

他(ほか) or 他(た) • (hoka or ta) 

  1. another, other, some other
    この他(ほか)にも行(ゆ)き先(さき)がありますか。
    Kono hoka ni mo yukisaki ga arimasu ka.
    Do you have any other destinations?
    この事(じ)業(ぎょう)は他(た)を利(り)するために開(かい)始(し)されました。
    Kono jigyō wa ta o risuru tame ni kaishi saremashita.
    This project was started in order to benefit others.
    他(ほか)にだれが手(て)伝(つだ)いに行(い)きますか。
    Hoka ni dare ga tetsudai ni ikimasu ka.
    Who else will go to help you?

Derived terms

Idioms

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

他 (eumhun 남 타 (nam ta))

  1. Hanja form? of 타 (“another, other, some other”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

他: Hán Nôm readings: tha, thà, thè, thơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Zhuang

Pronoun

他

  1. Sawndip form of de (“he, she, it”)
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