漸

See also: 渐

漸	U+6F38, 漸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F38

← 漷
[U+6F37]

CJK Unified Ideographs

漹 →
[U+6F39]

Translingual

Han character

漸 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水十十中 (EJJL), four-corner 3212₁, composition ⿰氵斬)

Derived characters

壍(𰊢) 嬱聻(𫆏) 䤔魙
𡽻𦾶(𬞋) 𭟌𣋫𥜙𨮜𩉍(𬰣) 𩟗(𫗚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 647, character 14

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18179

Dae Jaweon: page 1057, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1717, character 3

Unihan data for U+6F38

Chinese

trad.		漸
simp.		渐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsam, *zamʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ).

Etymology 1

Compare Khmer ជាំ (cŏəm, “wet; soaked; steeped”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zim⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): diam⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): qien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiam

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiam⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jie³
Northern Min (KCR): cīng
Eastern Min (BUC): ciêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiām / chiǎm

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziam⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zhi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zim⁶
  - Yale: jihm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzim⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: jim⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: diam⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qien⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiām
  - Tâi-lô: tsiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciam
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡siam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiǎm
  - Tâi-lô: tsiǎm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi
  - MiniDict: zhi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si̯ẽ⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 漸
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡siã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/ziɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰe²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sim²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sim²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sim²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡siam²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sieŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡siŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siam³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡siam³³/

Middle Chinese: dzjemX

Rime
Character	漸
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	慈染切
Baxter	dzjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziam^X/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛm^X/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]amʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zamʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	漸
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]amʔ/
English	gradually; advance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	漸
Reading #	2/2
No.	16811
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	漸
Old Chinese	/*zamʔ/

Definitions

漸

^† Qiantang River
^† to advance gradually
- 善漸於惡，惡化於善，成為性行 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  善渐于恶，恶化于善，成为性行 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
  shàn jiàn yú è, è huà yú shàn, chéngwéi xìngxíng [Pinyin]
  It is by the transition of virtue into wickedness and of wickedness into virtue that the characters are formed.
^† gradual process
^† (of an illness) to aggravate; to worsen
^† to dredge; to open a path
^† omen
^† condition; prerequisite
^† sequence; order
gradually
- 滿而後漸者，其水乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  满而后渐者，其水乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
  Mǎn ér hòu jiàn zhě, qí shuǐ hū? [Pinyin]
  That which fills up and then flows out gradually, is it not water?
^† just when
^† immediately; soon after
^† when; until
53rd hexagram of the I Ching
a surname

Compounds

不漸／不渐
北漸／北渐
即漸／即渐
循序漸進／循序渐进 (xúnxùjiànjìn)
慎防杜漸／慎防杜渐
杜漸防微／杜渐防微
杜漸防萌／杜渐防萌
杜漸除微／杜渐除微
沉漸剛克／沉渐刚克
浸漸／浸渐 (jìnjiàn)
漸入佳境／渐入佳境 (jiànrùjiājìng)
漸弱／渐弱 (jiànruò)
漸強／渐强 (jiànqiáng)
漸快／渐快 (jiànkuài)
漸悟／渐悟
漸慢／渐慢 (jiànmàn)
漸教／渐教
漸有起色／渐有起色
漸次／渐次 (jiàncì)
漸漸／渐渐 (jiànjiàn)
漸漸之石／渐渐之石
漸至佳境／渐至佳境
漸趨式微／渐趋式微
漸近／渐近 (jiànjìn)
漸通人事／渐通人事
漸進／渐进 (jiànjìn)
漸進法／渐进法
積漸／积渐
積裡漸裡／积里渐里
西風東漸／西风东渐
逐漸／逐渐 (zhújiàn)
防微杜漸／防微杜渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
防萌杜漸／防萌杜渐
鴻漸／鸿渐

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān, jiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ, ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zim¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): diam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zim¹
  - Yale: jīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: diam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam³³/

Middle Chinese: tsjem

Rime
Character	漸
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子廉切
Baxter	tsjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siam/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛm/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]am/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsam/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	漸
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]am/
English	moisten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	漸
Reading #	1/2
No.	16804
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	尖
Old Chinese	/*ʔsam/

Definitions

漸

^† to flow into
^† to bedew
^† to soak
^† to moisten
^† to influence
^† to cheat

Compounds

日漸月染／日渐月染
東漸／东渐
東漸西被／东渐西被
漸染／渐染 (jiānrǎn)
漸洳／渐洳
蘭芷漸滫／兰芷渐滫
西學東漸／西学东渐 (xīxuédōngjiān)
遏漸防萌／遏渐防萌

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 漸 – see 潛 (“to go under water; to move under water; to hide; to conceal; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 潛).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 漸 – see 巉 (“precipitous; steep; jagged; towering; overlapping”). (This character is a variant form of 巉).

Japanese

Kanji

漸

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen); ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: せん (sen)
Kan’yō-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
On: ざん (zan)
Kun: すすむ (susumu, 漸む); ようやく (yōyaku, 漸く)

Korean

Hanja

漸 • (jeom, cham) (hangeul 점, 참, revised jeom, cham, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, ch'am, Yale cem, cham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

漸: Hán Nôm readings: tiệm, tràn, tiêm, tiềm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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