金城湯池

Chinese

		impregnable city; Jincheng	city moat; impregnable fortress
trad. (金城湯池)		金城	湯池
simp. (金城汤池)		金城	汤池
Literally: “[city with] metal walls and boiling moat”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīnchéngtāngchí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄤㄔˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ sing⁴ tong¹ ci⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīnchéngtāngchí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄤㄔˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jinchéngtangchíh
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-chʻêng²-tʻang¹-chʻih²
  - Yale: jīn-chéng-tāng-chŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jincherngtangchyr
  - Palladius: цзиньчэнтанчи (czinʹčɛntanči)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ sing⁴ tong¹ ci⁴
  - Yale: gām sìhng tōng chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ sing⁴ tong¹ tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ xing⁴ tong¹ qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

Middle Chinese: kim dzyeng thang drje

Rime
Character	金	城	湯	池
Reading #	1/1	1/1	2/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	常 (25)	透 (6)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	清 (121)	唐 (101)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I	III
Fanqie	居吟切	是征切	吐郎切	直離切
Baxter	kim	dzyeng	thang	drje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ɖˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ɖᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/d͡ʑiæŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ȡiɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/d͡ʑiajŋ/	/tʰaŋ/	/ɖjiə̆/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/ʑiɛŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ȡje/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/ʑĭɛŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ȡǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/	/tʰɑŋ/	/ȡʱie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	chéng	tāng	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	sing⁴	tong¹	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m [d]eŋ l̥aŋ|l̥ˤaŋ|r̥ˤaŋ Cə.lraj/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯm djeŋ l̥ʰaːŋ|l̥ʰaːŋs|hljaŋ l'aːl|l'al/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	金	城	湯	湯	湯	池
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	chéng	shāng	tāng	tāng	chí
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ syang ›	‹ thang ›	‹ thang ›	‹ drje ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)[ə]m/	/*[d]eŋ/	/*l̥aŋ/	/*l̥ˁaŋ/	/*r̥ˁaŋ/	/*Cə.lraj/
English	metal, bronze	city wall	amply-flowing	hot liquid	(proper name:) founder of Shāng dynasty	pool (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	金	城	湯	湯	湯	池	池
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/2	2/2
No.	6679	1418	14552	14560	14585	14769	14779
Phonetic component	金	成	昜	昜	昜	也	也
Rime group	侵	耕	陽	陽	陽	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	0	0	0	0	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	金	成	湯	儻	商	駝	馳
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/	/*djeŋ/	/*l̥ʰaːŋ/	/*l̥ʰaːŋs/	/*hljaŋ/	/*l'aːl/	/*l'al/
Notes	說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之			後作燙

Idiom

金城湯池

firm city; strongly-fortified city

Synonyms

(short form) 金湯／金汤 (jīntāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (金城湯池):

→ Japanese: 金(きん)城(じょう)湯(とう)池(ち) (kinjōtōchi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
金	城	湯	池
きん Grade: 1	じょう Grade: 4	とう Grade: 3	ち Grade: 2
kan’on	goon	on’yomi	kan’on

Etymology

From Literary Chinese 金城湯池 (jīnchéngtāngchí) in the 漢書 (Kanjo, “Book of Han”).

Equivalent to 金城 (kinjō, “metal castle”) +‎ 湯池 (tōchi, literally “hot-water moat”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きんじょーとーち [kìńjóótóꜜòchì] (Nakadaka – [5])[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːto̞ːt͡ɕi]

Noun

金(きん)城(じょう)湯(とう)池(ち) • (kinjōtōchi) ^{←きんじやうたうち (kinzyautauti)^?}

(idiomatic) a well-defended castle or fortified city
(by extension) something firm and cannot easily be penetrated or broken

See also

金(きん)湯(とう) (kintō, short form)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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