甘

甘 U+7518, 甘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7518
← 甗
[U+7517]
CJK Unified Ideographs 甙 →
[U+7519]
⽢ U+2F62, ⽢
KANGXI RADICAL SWEET
← ⽡
[U+2F61]
Kangxi Radicals ⽣ →
[U+2F63]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

甘 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition ⿻廿一)

  1. Kangxi radical #99, ⽢.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 753, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7518

Chinese

simp. and trad.
甘
alternative forms
 
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𭺪
𭺫
㤌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) – something in the mouth, sweet. Original form of 含.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (“sweet”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).

Possibly related to 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to keep in mouth”) and 甜 (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”), 柑 (MC kam, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kam - literary;
  • kaⁿ - vernacular.

Rime
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古三切
Baxter kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑm/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑm/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kam/
Li
Rong
/kɑm/
Wang
Li
/kɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gān
Middle
Chinese
‹ kam ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁ[a]m/
English sweet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
No. 3652
Phonetic
component
甘
Rime
group
談
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
甘
Old
Chinese
/*kaːm/

Definitions

甘

  1. sweet
    甘甜  ―  gāntián  ―  sweet
    甘蔗  ―  gānzhe  ―  sugar cane
  2. pleasant; satisfactory
  3. willingly; readily
    甘心  ―  gānxīn  ―  to be willing to
    甘願/甘愿  ―  gānyuàn  ―  willingly
  4. (Cantonese, ironic) bitter; difficult to bear
    Alternative form: 金 (gam1)
    輸到好甘/输到好甘 [Cantonese]  ―  syu1 dou3 hou2 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  to lose tremendously
    畀人𨃩鑊甘/畀人𨃩镬甘 [Cantonese]  ―  bei2 jan4 sin3 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    鑊鑊新鮮鑊鑊甘 [Cantonese, trad.]
    镬镬新鲜镬镬甘 [Cantonese, simp.]
    wok6 wok6 san1 sin1 wok6 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. a surname
    甘寧/甘宁  ―  Gān Níng  ―  Gan Ning (military general serving under Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
  6. Short for 甘肅/甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
    Synonym: 隴/陇 (lǒng)

Synonyms

  • (sweet):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “sweet”): 苦 (kǔ)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

甘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sweet

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
甘
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 甘 (MC kam).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ma̠i]

Affix

甘(かん) • (kan) 

  1. delicious
  2. sweet-tasting; sweet
  3. pleasant; pleased; content

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

甘 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

甘: Hán Nôm readings: cam

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.