柳

See also: 枊
柳 U+67F3, 柳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F3
← 柲
[U+67F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs 柴 →
[U+67F4]
柳 U+F9C9, 柳
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9
← 杻
[U+F9C8]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 流 →
[U+F9CA]

Translingual

Han character

柳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木卯)

Derived characters

  • 𩋶, 𦵂

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
柳
alternative forms 枊
栁
桺
橮 ancient
𫞉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 柳
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *m·ruʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.

Later 桺 (semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ)) in small seal script.

The glyph finally turned back to 木 (mù) + 卯 (mǎo) in the current form.

Etymology

Smith (2011) reconstructs *[m-]ruʔ, with volitional or agentic prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999) and root verb 流 (OC r(j)u) "to flow", resulting in *m-ruu "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty". If unprefixed, 柳 means "the flowing one"; if prefixed, "the pouring one". Recall English weeping willow.

Pronunciation


Note:

Rime
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力久切
Baxter ljuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/liuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/liəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luwX/
Li
Rong
/liuX/
Wang
Li
/lĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
English willow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柳
Reading # 1/1
No. 8897
Phonetic
component
卯
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
柳
Old
Chinese
/*m·ruʔ/

Definitions

柳

  1. willow, a member of the genus Salix
  2. (in compounds) fillet
    雞柳/鸡柳  ―  jīliǔ  ―  chicken fillet
    牛柳  ―  niúliǔ  ―  beef tenderloin
    豬柳/猪柳  ―  zhūliǔ  ―  pork fillet
    蟹柳  ―  xièliǔ  ―  crab stick
  3. a surname
    柳宗元  ―  Liǔ Zōngyuán  ―  Liu Zongyuan (Tang dynasty writer)

Compounds

  • 三春柳
  • 五柳先生
  • 人柳
  • 傍柳隨花/傍柳随花
  • 傍花隨柳/傍花随柳
  • 分花拂柳 (fēn huā fú liǔ)
  • 問柳尋花/问柳寻花
  • 問柳評花/问柳评花
  • 垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
  • 垂楊柳/垂杨柳
  • 大柳 (Dàliǔ)
  • 大柳樹/大柳树 (Dàliǔshù)
  • 射柳
  • 尋花問柳/寻花问柳 (xúnhuāwènliǔ)
  • 尋芳問柳/寻芳问柳 (xúnfāngwènliǔ)
  • 川柳
  • 廣柳車/广柳车
  • 弄柳拈花
  • 弱柳扶風/弱柳扶风
  • 折柳 (zhéliǔ)
  • 折柳攀花
  • 摧花斫柳
  • 攀花折柳
  • 敗柳/败柳
  • 敗柳殘花/败柳残花
  • 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
  • 柳丁 (liǔdīng)
  • 柳啼花怨
  • 柳嚲鶯嬌/柳亸莺娇
  • 柳如是
  • 柳媚花明
  • 柳子戲/柳子戏
  • 柳字
  • 柳安 (liǔ'ān)
  • 柳宿 (Liǔxiù)
  • 柳山湖 (Liǔshānhú)
  • 柳州 (Liǔzhōu)
  • 柳巷花街
  • 柳帶/柳带 (liǔdài)
  • 柳影花陰/柳影花阴
  • 柳戶花門/柳户花门
  • 柳拐子病 (liǔguǎizibìng)
  • 柳暗花明 (liǔ'ànhuāmíng)
  • 柳杉
  • 柳林 (Liǔlín)
  • 柳枝
  • 柳柳驚/柳柳惊
  • 柳條/柳条 (liǔtiáo)
  • 柳棉 (liǔmián)
  • 柳橙 (liǔchéng)
  • 柳樹/柳树 (liǔshù)
  • 柳樹𨟠/柳树𨟠 (Liǔshùquān)
  • 柳毅傳/柳毅传
  • 柳毅傳書/柳毅传书
  • 柳氏傳/柳氏传
  • 柳溝/柳沟 (Liǔgōu)
  • 柳營/柳营 (Liǔyíng)
  • 柳琴 (liǔqín)
  • 柳田
  • 柳眉
  • 柳眉倒豎/柳眉倒竖
  • 柳眉剔豎/柳眉剔竖
  • 柳眉踢豎/柳眉踢竖
  • 柳眼
  • 柳絲/柳丝
  • 柳絮 (liǔxù)
  • 柳綿/柳绵 (liǔmián)
  • 柳綠桃紅/柳绿桃红
  • 柳綠花紅/柳绿花红
  • 柳線/柳线
  • 柳聖花神/柳圣花神
  • 柳腔
  • 柳腰
  • 柳花毬/柳花球
  • 柳葉/柳叶
  • 柳葉兒/柳叶儿
  • 柳葉刀/柳叶刀 (liǔyèdāo)
  • 柳葉描/柳叶描
  • 柳葉眉/柳叶眉
  • 柳蔭/柳荫
  • 柳蘭/柳兰 (liǔlán, “fireweed”)
  • 柳衙
  • 柳門花戶/柳门花户
  • 柳陂 (Liǔbēi)
  • 柳陌花巷
  • 柳陌花街
  • 柳陌花衢
  • 柳陰/柳阴 (liǔyīn)
  • 柳青
  • 柳骨
  • 柳體/柳体
  • 柳鶯/柳莺
  • 桃柳爭妍/桃柳争妍
  • 桃紅柳綠/桃红柳绿
  • 楊柳/杨柳 (yángliǔ)
  • 楊柳腰/杨柳腰
  • 楊柳青/杨柳青
  • 檉柳/柽柳 (chēngliǔ)
  • 櫸柳/榉柳 (jǔliǔ)
  • 殘花敗柳/残花败柳 (cánhuābàiliǔ)
  • 水瓜柳 (shuǐguāliǔ)
  • 河柳
  • 浦柳
  • 牆花路柳/墙花路柳
  • 片柳子
  • 牛柳 (niúliǔ)
  • 白柳 (Báiliǔ)
  • 眠花宿柳
  • 眠花臥柳/眠花卧柳
  • 眠花醉柳
  • 紅柳/红柳 (hóngliǔ)
  • 紅柳灘/红柳滩 (Hóngliǔtān)
  • 細柳/细柳
  • 細柳營/细柳营
  • 綠楊垂柳/绿杨垂柳
  • 花明柳媚
  • 花明柳暗
  • 花柳 (huāliǔ)
  • 花柳之姿
  • 花柳叢/花柳丛
  • 花柳營/花柳营
  • 花柳病 (huāliǔbìng)
  • 花紅柳綠/花红柳绿 (huāhóngliǔlǜ)
  • 花街柳巷
  • 花街柳陌
  • 花說柳說/花说柳说
  • 花遮柳掩
  • 花遮柳隱/花遮柳隐
  • 花門柳戶/花门柳户
  • 菀柳
  • 蒲柳
  • 蒲柳之姿 (púliǔzhīzī)
  • 西河柳
  • 覓柳尋花/觅柳寻花
  • 觀音柳/观音柳
  • 路柳牆花/路柳墙花
  • 野柳 (Yěliǔ)
  • 銀柳/银柳 (yínliǔ)
  • 陶潛五柳/陶潜五柳
  • 雞柳/鸡柳 (jīliǔ)
  • 雙柳/双柳 (Shuāngliǔ)
  • 雪柳 (xuěliǔ)
  • 霸陵折柳
  • 韓柳/韩柳
  • 章臺柳/章台柳
  • 章臺楊柳/章台杨柳
  • 顏柳/颜柳
  • 顏筋柳骨/颜筋柳骨
  • 顏骨柳筋/颜骨柳筋
  • 麻柳 (Máliǔ)

References

Japanese

Kanji

柳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
柳
やなぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やなぎ】
[noun] 柳, 楊, 楊柳: [circa 759] a willow tree
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: [999] a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), with white on the front and greenish-blue (or yellowish-green) on the back
[noun] 柳, 楊柳: Short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf
[noun] 柳: (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of November
[proper noun] 柳: a surname
Alternative spellings
楊, 楊柳, ヤナギ
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
柳
やぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry.
【やぎ】
[noun] [from 759] willow tree
(This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)


Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柳
りゅう
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/riu/ → /rjuː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 柳 (MC ljuwX). While the affix is cited in the 700s with this reading, the proper noun is first cited to a text from the mid-1400s.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɾʲɨᵝː]

Affix

柳(りゅう) • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from 700s] willow, especially weeping willow
  2. [from 700s] thin as a willow leaf
Derived terms

Proper noun

柳(りゅう) • (Ryū) ←りう (riu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (Chinese astronomy) the Willow as one of the twenty-eight mansions
    Synonym: 柳宿 (Ryūshuku)
  2. a female given name
  3. a surname

References

  1. “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean

Hanja

Wikisource 柳 (eumhun 버들 류 (beodeul ryu), South Korea 버들 유 (beodeul yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“willow tree”).

Vietnamese

Han character

柳: Hán Nôm readings: liễu, lẫu, lãu

  1. Chữ Hán form of Liễu (“a surname from Chinese.”).

Zhuang

Noun

柳

  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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