卯

See also: 卵, 卬, and 戼
卯 U+536F, 卯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-536F
← 卮
[U+536E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 印 →
[U+5370]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

卯 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹尸中 (HHSL), four-corner 77720, composition ⿰𠂎卩)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2847
  • Dae Jaweon: page 363, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 311, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+536F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 卯
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

This character was found in oracle bone scripts depicting a sacrifice (a human or animal body) that is cut in half. This kind of practice mainly happened in Shang dynasty and was gradually eliminated after Zhou's conquest of Shang, leading to obscurity of the character's original meaning. An old variant is 戼. According to Shuowen Jiezi, it is an open door, like 門/𨳇 (mén) but reversed.

Etymology

Derived from root 流 (OC *r(j)u) with volitional or agentive OC prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999); so *m-ruu means "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty" > *m-ruuʔ 卯 "pouring or emptying stage" i.e. "waning moon", "with the word in its sacrificial applications meaning 'to blood-let'" (Smith, 2011).

Association with the rabbit was probably arbitrary, just as how 辰 was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).

Pronunciation

simp. and trad.
卯
alternative forms
 
丣 ‡
戼
𩇦
𩇨
𩇧
丣 ‡
戼
𩇦
𩇨
𩇧
𤕰
𦕔



Rime
Character 卯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫飽切
Baxter maewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mˠauX/
Pan
Wuyun
/mᵚauX/
Shao
Rongfen
/mauX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/maɨwX/
Li
Rong
/mauX/
Wang
Li
/mauX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mauX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
mǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
maau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
mǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ mæwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁruʔ/
English 4th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卯
Reading # 1/1
No. 8871
Phonetic
component
卯
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
卯
Old
Chinese
/*mruːʔ/

Definitions

卯

  1. fourth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
  2. rabbit (兔) of Chinese zodiac
  3. period from 5-7 a.m.
  4. early morning
  5. mortise

Coordinate terms

  • (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)

Compounds

  • 丁一卯二
  • 剛卯/刚卯 (gāngmǎo)
  • 卯上
  • 卯勁/卯劲
  • 卯後酒/卯后酒
  • 卯時/卯时 (mǎoshí)
  • 卯榫 (mǎosǔn)
  • 卯正
  • 卯眼 (mǎoyǎn)
  • 卯睡
  • 卯簿
  • 卯足全力
  • 卯酉
  • 卯酉參辰/卯酉参辰
  • 卯酉子午
  • 卯酒
  • 卯金刀 (Mǎojīndāo)
  • 卯飲/卯饮
  • 卯飯/卯饭
  • 參辰卯酉/参辰卯酉
  • 子午卯酉
  • 子卯不樂/子卯不乐
  • 寅吃卯糧/寅吃卯粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
  • 寅支卯糧/寅支卯粮
  • 應卯/应卯 (yìngmǎo)
  • 應卯吃糧/应卯吃粮
  • 應名點卯/应名点卯
  • 打卯
  • 書畫卯酉/书画卯酉
  • 比卯
  • 畫卯/画卯
  • 脫卯/脱卯
  • 點卯/点卯 (diǎnmǎo)

References

Japanese

Kanji

卯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: みょう (myō)
  • Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
  • Kun: う (u, 卯)

Compounds

  • 卯(う)建(だつ) (udatsu)
  • 卯波(うなみ) (unami), 卯浪(うなみ) (unami) 
  • 卯(う)の花(はな) (unohana)
  • 卯(ぼう)酒(しゅ) (bōshu)
  • 卯(ぼう)酉(ゆう)線(せん) (bōyūsen)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
卯
う
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From 兎 (usagi, u, “rabbit”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

卯(う) • (U) 

  1. the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
卯
ぼう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 卯 (mæwX).

Proper noun

卯(ぼう) • (Bō) ←ばう (bau)?

  1. the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Korean

Hanja

卯 (eumhun 토끼 묘 (tokki myo))

  1. Hanja form? of 묘 (“rabbit”).

卯 (eumhun 넷째 지지 묘 (netjjae jiji myo))

  1. Hanja form? of 묘 (“fourth Earthly Branch”).

Vietnamese

Han character

卯: Hán Nôm readings: mão, mẫu, méo, Mẹo, mẻo

  1. chữ Hán form of Mão (“fourth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

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