る

See also: ろ and る゚

る U+308B, る
HIRAGANA LETTER RU
← り
[U+308A]
Hiragana れ →
[U+308C]

Japanese

Stroke order
1 stroke

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • (file)

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 留 in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

る • (ru) 

  1. The hiragana syllable る (ru). Its equivalent in katakana is ル (ru). It is the forty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ら行う段 (ra-gyō u-dan, “row ra, section u”).
See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

る • (-ru) godan (stem り (-ri), past った (-tta))

  1. (slang) A general method to form verbs (as a godan katsuyō verb). Much less productive than 〜する (-suru, “to do”).
    サボる
    saboru
    to skip, to play hooky; to slack off, to shirk one's duties
    ググる
    guguru
    to Google

Etymology 3

Contraction of いる (iru).

Verb

る • (ru) 

  1. (informal, used after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb as てる (-teru)) the present progressive: to be doing
    待(ま)ってる
    matteru
    to be waiting

Etymology 4

See れる.

Suffix

る • (-ru) †nidan

  1. Classical Japanese form of れる (-reru, passive suffix)
Usage notes

Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei).

Conjugation

Etymology 5

Regular adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix り (ri) indicating resulting state or completion of action.

Suffix

る • (-ru) 

  1. (Classical Japanese or literary) adnominal of り (-ri)
    眠(ねむ)れる森(もり)の美(び)女(じょ)
    Nemureru Mori no Bijo
    Sleeping Beauty
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