牢

牢 U+7262, 牢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7262
← 牡
[U+7261]
CJK Unified Ideographs 牣 →
[U+7263]
牢 U+F946, 牢
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F946
← 聾
[U+F945]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 磊 →
[U+F947]

Translingual

Han character

牢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十竹手 (JHQ), four-corner 30502, composition ⿱宀牛)

Derived characters

  • 𠈭 哰 𢚄 𫰴 (⿰女牢) 㟉 𤉍 浶 𢭂 𣒲 𭷡 (⿰牜牢) 𣇟 𥒪 𦰤 𥭲 𦕵 䜮 𨦭 𨌚 𪁔 (𩧷) 𤚧 𫳵 (⿰牢何) 𬁖 (⿰星牢) 𣋀 𡫡

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
牢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牢
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗);
  • lô/lô͘ - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 牢
Mandarin Beijing /lɑu³⁵/
Harbin /lau²⁴/
Tianjin /lɑu⁴⁵/
Jinan /lɔ⁴²/
Qingdao /lɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lau⁴²/
Xi'an /lau²⁴/
Xining /lɔ²⁴/
Yinchuan /lɔ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lɔ⁵³/
Ürümqi /lɔ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nau²¹³/
Chengdu /nau³¹/
Guiyang /nao²¹/
Kunming /lɔ³¹/
Nanjing /lɔo²⁴/
Hefei /lɔ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /lau¹¹/
Pingyao /lɔ¹³/
Hohhot /lɔ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /lɔ²³/
Suzhou /læ¹³/
Hangzhou /lɔ²¹³/
Wenzhou /lɜ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lɔ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lau¹³/
Xiangtan /naɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lɑu⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lau¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /lou²¹/
Nanning /lu²¹/
Hong Kong /lou²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lau³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lo⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lau³³/ 名
/lau²¹/ 形
Shantou (Teochew) /lo⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lau³¹/

Rime
Character 牢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯刀切
Baxter law
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɑu/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɑu/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/law/
Li
Rong
/lɑu/
Wang
Li
/lɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
láo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lou4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牢
Reading # 1/1
No. 7644
Phonetic
component
牢
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
勞
Old
Chinese
/*ruː/

Definitions

牢

  1. pen; enclosure
    亡羊補牢,猶未遲也。 [MSC, trad.]
    亡羊补牢,犹未迟也。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wáng yáng bǔ láo, yóu wèi chí yě. [Pinyin]
    Repairing a sheep pen only after a sheep is lost is not considered tardy.
  2. prison; jail
    監牢/监牢  ―  jiānláo  ―  prison
  3. firm; fast; durable
    牢固  ―  láogù  ―  firm; durable
  4. dependable; reliable
  5. animal used for sacrificing
    太牢  ―  tàiláo  ―  animal used for sacrificing
  6. with grievance and toil
    牢騷/牢骚  ―  láosāo  ―  to be discontented
  7. (Shanghainese) indicates continuous aspect
    抱牢勿放 [Shanghainese]  ―  6bau-lau 8veq-faon [Wugniu]  ―  holding on, not letting go
    伊吃牢我。 [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]
    6yi 7chiq-lau 6ngu [Wugniu]
    He’s staring at me.
  8. a surname: Lao

Synonyms

  • (pen): 圈 (juàn)
  • (prison):
  • (firm):
  • (dependable):
  • (indicates continuous aspect): (Mandarin, Jin) 著/着 (zhe)

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Manchu: ᠯᠣᠣ (loo)
  • → Zhuang: lauz
  • → Vietnamese: rào

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

牢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. prison
  2. stable, pen
  3. secure

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
牢
ろう
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

牢(ろう) • (rō) ←らう (rau)?

  1. prison
    Synonyms: 監獄 (かんごく), 牢屋 (ろうや)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

牢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Compounds

Noun

牢(るー) (rū) 

  1. prison
    Synonyms: 監獄 (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya)

References

  • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Vietnamese

Han character

牢: Hán Nôm readings: lao, lào, sao, sau

  1. chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”).
  2. Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”).
  3. Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”).
  4. Nôm form of rao (“to announce”).
  5. Nôm form of sao (“why, how”).
  6. Nôm form of sao (“star”).
  7. Nôm form of sau (“after”).
  8. Nôm form of trau (“to polish”).
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