放

放 U+653E, 放
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-653E
← 攽
[U+653D]
CJK Unified Ideographs 政 →
[U+653F]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

放 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人大 (YSOK), four-corner 08240, composition ⿰方攵)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13133
  • Dae Jaweon: page 818, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1451, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+653E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
放

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *paŋʔ, *paŋs) : phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ) + semantic 攵 (“hand, action”) – an action, release.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • piong - vernacular;
  • fong - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 放
Mandarin Beijing /fɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /faŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /fɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan /faŋ²¹/
Qingdao /faŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /faŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /faŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /fɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /fɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /fɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi /fɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /faŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /faŋ¹³/
Guiyang /faŋ²¹³/
Kunming /fã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /faŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /fɑ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /fɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ³⁵/
/xuə³⁵/
Hohhot /fɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /fɑ̃³⁵/
Suzhou /fɑ̃⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /fɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /huɔ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /fo³²⁴/
Tunxi /fau⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /hɔn⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /foŋ⁵³/ 開~
/pioŋ⁵³/ ~學
Taoyuan /foŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɔŋ³³/
Nanning /fɔŋ³³/
Hong Kong /fɔŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ²¹/
/paŋ²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pouŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔŋ³³/
/xuɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ²¹³/
/paŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /faŋ³⁵/
/ʔbaŋ³⁵/

Rime
Character 放
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 甫妄切
Baxter pjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/piuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puaŋH/
Li
Rong
/piuaŋH/
Wang
Li
/pĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/piwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 放
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjangH ›
Old
Chinese
/*paŋ-s/
English release; let go

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 放
Reading # 2/2
No. 3038
Phonetic
component
方
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
放
Old
Chinese
/*paŋs/

Definitions

放

  1. to release; to free; to liberate
  2. to let out; to let go; to launch; to shoot
    放鞭炮  ―  fàng biānpào  ―  to set off firecrackers
  3. to put; to place
    把書本放在桌子上。 [MSC, trad.]
    把书本放在桌子上。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bǎ shūběn fàng zài zhuōzi shang. [Pinyin]
    Place the books on the desk.
  4. to lay aside
  5. (of a flower) to open out
  6. to expand; to enlarge; to extend
  7. to cause to fall down; to knock down
  8. to put on; to play (a recording)
    放音樂/放音乐  ―  fàng yīnyuè  ―  to play music
  9. to take livestock out to feed on grass; to graze; to put out to pasture; to herd
    • 1949, 劉廷雙, quotee, “文盲農民的成績”, in 林漢達, editor, 新文字手冊 [Sin Wenz Shouce], 1st edition, 中華書局出版 [Zhonghua Shugy Chuban], page 29:
      我(Wo)從(cung)八歲(ba-suei)到(dao)十一(sh-i)歲(suei),在(zai)堡(Pu)石(Sh)圖(Tu)張(Zhang)洪貴(Hung-guei)家(gia)放(Fang) ((fang))豬(Zhu) ((zhu)),二(r)年(nian)。十一(Sh-i)歲(suei)到(dao)十三(sh-san)歲(suei),在(zai)茂林(Maolin)東(dung)孟移屯(Mengjituen)劉(Liu)長春(Chang-Chuen)家(gia)放(fang)馬(ma)。
      我從八歲到十一歲,在堡石圖張洪貴家放豬,二年。十一歲到十三歲,在茂林東孟移屯劉長春家放馬。 [Northeastern Mandarin, trad.]
      我从八岁到十一岁,在堡石图张洪贵家放猪,二年。十一岁到十三岁,在茂林东孟移屯刘长春家放马。 [Northeastern Mandarin, simp.]
      Wǒ cóng bāsuì dào shíyīsuì, zài Pùshítú Zhāng Hóngguì jiā fàngzhū, èrnián. Shíyīsuì dào shísānsuì, zài Màolín dōng Mèngyítún Liú Chángchūn jiā fàngmǎ. [Pinyin]
      From eight years of age to eleven years of age, I served as a swineherd for Zhang Honggui at Pushitu for two years. From eleven years of age to thirteen years of age, I served as a groom for Liu Changchun at East Mengyitun, Maolin.
  10. to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
  11. to distribute; to hand out; to issue; to dispense
  12. to lend (to allow to be used temporarily)
  13. (Cantonese) unbridled; without restraints or limits
    佢哋尋晚玩得好放。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢哋寻晚玩得好放。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 dei6 cam4 maan5 waan2 dak1 hou2 fong3. [Jyutping]
    They played without limits last night.
  14. (Sichuanese) to betroth (one's daughter) to somebody
  15. † to cause; to make
  16. † to banish; to exile
  17. (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) at (used after a verb)
Synonyms
  • (to put):
  • (to cause to fall down): 放倒 (fàngdǎo)
  • (to take livestock out to feed on grass): 放牧 (fàngmù)
  • (to ignite):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to betroth one's daughter to somebody): 許配/许配 (xǔpèi)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (放):
  • → Vietnamese: phóng (放)

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 放
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 分网切
Baxter pjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pʉɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʷiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/piuɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puaŋX/
Li
Rong
/piuaŋX/
Wang
Li
/pĭwaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/piwaŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fong2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 放
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fǎng
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjangX ›
Old
Chinese
/*paŋʔ/
English imitate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 放
Reading # 1/2
No. 3036
Phonetic
component
方
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
昉
Old
Chinese
/*paŋʔ/

Definitions

放

  1. Alternative form of 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble”)
  2. to base on
  3. to reach
  4. a surname: Fang

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 放 – see 方 (“parallel; side by side; parallel boats; raft made of bamboo; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 方).

References

Japanese

Kanji

放

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. set free
  2. release
  3. fire
  4. shoot
  5. emit
  6. banish
  7. liberate

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 放 (MC pjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 방 (pang) (Yale: pang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (in 방학 (放學, banghak)):
  • (to release; to shoot; to banish; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [방(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 放 (eumhun 놓을 방 (no'eul bang))

  1. Hanja form? of 방 (“to release; to let go; to emit”).
  2. Hanja form? of 방 (“to shoot; to fire”).
  3. Hanja form? of 방 (“to banish; to exile”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

放: Hán Việt readings: phóng[1]
放: Nôm readings: phúng[2], phưng[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of phóng (“to emit; to launch; to throw; to release”).
  2. chữ Hán form of phóng (“to rush along”).

Compounds

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Hồ (1976).
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