泥

泥 U+6CE5, 泥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE5
← 泤
[U+6CE4]
CJK Unified Ideographs 泦 →
[U+6CE6]
泥 U+F9E3, 泥
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3
← 梨
[U+F9E2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 理 →
[U+F9E4]

Translingual

Han character

泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad. 泥
simp. # 泥
alternative forms
 
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
𥩥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *niːl, *niːls) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).

Etymology 1

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).

On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • nài/nai2 - colloquial;
  • nì/ni2 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 泥
Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
Harbin /ni²⁴/
Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
/mi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /mji²⁴/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
Hefei /mz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/ ~皮
/ni⁴⁵/ ~匠
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/ ~牆牆
/ȵi³⁵/ ~匠
Hohhot /ni³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nai¹¹/
/ni¹¹/
Taoyuan /nɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐi²¹/
Nanning /nɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ne³⁵/
/ni³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²¹/
/nai³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /nĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ni³¹/

Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴低切
Baxter nej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nei/
Pan
Wuyun
/nei/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛj/
Li
Rong
/nei/
Wang
Li
/niei/
Bernard
Karlgren
/niei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ní
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ní
Middle
Chinese
‹ nej ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.nˁ[əj]/
English mud

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
No. 9417
Phonetic
component
尼
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
泥
Old
Chinese
/*niːl/

Definitions

泥

  1. mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
    滿腳是泥/满脚是泥  ―  mǎn jiǎo shì ní  ―  mud all over one's feet
    軟泥/软泥  ―  ruǎnní  ―  soft mud
    泥娃娃  ―  níwáwá  ―  clay doll
  2. (dialectal) soil; earth
    一嚿泥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gau6 nai4 [Jyutping]  ―  a clod of earth
  3. any mush-like substance
    薯泥  ―  shǔní  ―  mashed potato
    泥膠/泥胶  ―  níjiāo  ―  Blu-Tack
    鷹嘴豆泥/鹰嘴豆泥  ―  yīngzuǐdòuní  ―  hummus
  4. (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
  5. An ancient river in modern Hunan
  6. An ancient river in modern Gansu
  7. (obsolete) weak
  8. (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
  9. a surname
  10. (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nej)
Synonyms

Compounds

  • 一丸泥
  • 丸泥
  • 判若雲泥/判若云泥
  • 削鐵如泥/削铁如泥
  • 印泥 (yìnní)
  • 叉灰泥
  • 和稀泥 (huò xī ní)
  • 困處泥塗/困处泥涂
  • 土泥
  • 垢泥
  • 壁上泥皮
  • 如泥
  • 封泥
  • 帶水拖泥/带水拖泥
  • 拖泥帶水/拖泥带水 (tuōnídàishuǐ)
  • 抹稀泥
  • 排泥閥/排泥阀
  • 敷彩泥塑
  • 曳尾泥塗/曳尾泥涂
  • 木雕泥塑
  • 末泥
  • 棗泥/枣泥
  • 水泥 (shuǐní)
  • 水泥叢林/水泥丛林 (shuǐní cónglín)
  • 水泥漆
  • 水泥熟料
  • 水泥船
  • 汙泥/污泥 (wūní)
  • 泥中
  • 泥中刺
  • 泥中隱刺/泥中隐刺
  • 泥丸 (níwán)
  • 泥人 (nírén)
  • 泥人張/泥人张
  • 泥土 (nítǔ)
  • 泥地
  • 泥坑 (níkēng)
  • 泥坯
  • 泥垢 (nígòu)
  • 泥垣宮/泥垣宫
  • 泥堆
  • 泥塑
  • 泥塗/泥涂
  • 泥塘 (nítáng)
  • 泥塑木雕
  • 泥塞竹管
  • 泥多佛大
  • 泥娃娃 (níwáwa)
  • 泥孩兒/泥孩儿
  • 泥封
  • 泥封函谷
  • 泥崩
  • 泥工 (nígōng)
  • 泥巴
  • 泥掌
  • 泥板岩 (níbǎnyán)
  • 泥水 (níshuǐ)
  • 泥水匠 (níshuǐjiàng)
  • 泥水工 (níshuǐgōng)
  • 泥水自蔽
  • 泥汙/泥污
  • 泥沙 (níshā)
  • 泥沙俱下
  • 油泥 (yóuní)
  • 泥沼 (nízhǎo)
  • 沼泥
  • 泡沫水泥
  • 泥流 (níliú)
  • 泥活字
  • 泥淖 (nínào)
  • 泥滓
  • 泥漿/泥浆 (níjiāng)
  • 泥潦
  • 泥濘/泥泞 (nínìng)
  • 泥火山 (níhuǒshān)
  • 泥灰
  • 泥灶
  • 泥炭 (nítàn)
  • 泥煤 (níméi)
  • 泥牆/泥墙
  • 泥版
  • 泥牛
  • 泥牛入海 (níniú-rùhǎi)
  • 泥犁
  • 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
  • 泥療/泥疗
  • 泥盆紀/泥盆纪 (Nípén Jì)
  • 泥石流 (níshíliú)
  • 泥磚/泥砖
  • 泥窗
  • 泥肥
  • 泥胎
  • 泥胎兒/泥胎儿
  • 泥腳/泥脚
  • 泥腿
  • 泥腿光棍
  • 泥船渡河
  • 泥蟠
  • 泥豬/泥猪
  • 泥豬瓦狗/泥猪瓦狗
  • 泥足巨人
  • 泥醉
  • 泥金
  • 泥金帖子
  • 泥金箋/泥金笺
  • 泥鞋窄襪/泥鞋窄袜
  • 泥頭/泥头
  • 泥頭酒/泥头酒
  • 泥飯碗/泥饭碗
  • 泥首
  • 泥馬/泥马
  • 泥鰍/泥鳅 (níqiū)
  • 泥鰻/泥鳗
  • 泥點兒/泥点儿
  • 泥龍/泥龙
  • 洗泥
  • 淈泥
  • 淤泥 (yūní)
  • 澄泥硯/澄泥砚
  • 火泥
  • 爐石水泥/炉石水泥
  • 爛泥/烂泥 (lànní)
  • 爛醉如泥/烂醉如泥
  • 牆上泥皮/墙上泥皮
  • 砍鐵如泥/砍铁如泥
  • 稀泥 (xīní)
  • 紫泥
  • 紫泥封
  • 綠泥石/绿泥石
  • 罡神泥鬼
  • 膠泥/胶泥
  • 臭泥
  • 芋泥 (yùní)
  • 蒜泥 (suànní)
  • 醉如泥
  • 金泥
  • 鋼骨水泥/钢骨水泥
  • 障泥
  • 雪泥鴻爪/雪泥鸿爪
  • 雲泥/云泥 (yúnní)
  • 雲泥之別/云泥之别 (yúnnízhībié)
  • 雲泥異路/云泥异路
  • 霑泥絮/沾泥絮
  • 青泥
  • 黃泥塘/黄泥塘 (Huángnítáng)

Etymology 2

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴計切
Baxter nejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/neiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/neiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛjH/
Li
Rong
/neiH/
Wang
Li
/nieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ní
Middle
Chinese
‹ nejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁər(ʔ)-s/
English impeded, obstructed (Lunyu)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
No. 9421
Phonetic
component
尼
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
泥
Old
Chinese
/*niːls/

Definitions

泥

  1. to hold up; to bog down
  2. to plaster; to cover with plaster
  3. stubborn; obstinate
    拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to
  4. to pester using soft words
  5. to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of

Compounds

  • 拘泥 (jūnì)
  • 泥古 (nìgǔ)
  • 泥古不化
  • 泥古非今
  • 泥子 (nìzi)
  • 泥滯/泥滞
  • 泥酒
  • 泥飲/泥饮
  • 滯泥/滞泥
  • 滯滯泥泥/滞滞泥泥

Pronunciation


Definitions

泥

  1. Only used in 泥泥.

Pronunciation


Definitions

泥

  1. Only used in 泥母.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 涅).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔.
(This character is a variant form of 屔).

References

Japanese

Kanji

泥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泥
どろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

泥(どろ) • (doro) 

  1. mud
Derived terms

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nej|nejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), South Korea 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))

  1. Hanja form? of 니/이 (“mud; dirt”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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