ぜ

See also: せ, せ゚, ㄝ, and 也

ぜ U+305C, ぜ
HIRAGANA LETTER ZE
Composition:せ [U+305B] + ◌゙ [U+3099]
← せ
[U+305B]
Hiragana そ →
[U+305D]

Japanese

Stroke order
5 strokes

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [d͡ze̞]

Etymology 1

The hiragana character せ (se) with a dakuten (゛).

Syllable

ぜ • (ze) 

  1. The hiragana syllable ぜ (ze). Its equivalent in katakana is ゼ (ze).
See also

Etymology 2

/zo e/ → /zoe/ → /zeː/ → /ze/

Shift via monophthongization of older ぞえ (zoe), in turn from sentence-ending emphatic particle ぞ (zo) and exclamatory or familiar particle え (e).[1][2][3]

First dated to 1771.[1] Usage became established in the Edo area, then spread to the Kansai region in the late 1700s.[1]

With the softening effect of particle え (e), the sense was originally somewhat less gruff than using just ぞ (zo). However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more gruff than ぞ (zo), and usage is restricted to informal masculine speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.[1][2]

Particle

ぜ • (ze) 

  1. [from 1771] (colloquial, men's speech) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to lightly press one's point, with familiar overtones
    困(こま)った奴(やつ)だぜ。
    Komatta yatsu da ze.
    What a troublesome guy.
  2. [from 1771] (colloquial, men's speech) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to tell the listener about something in a patronising way
    そんなにケーキを食(た)べたら太(ふと)っちまうぜ。
    Sonna ni kēki o tabetara futotchimau ze.
    You'll get fat if you keep eating cake.
Usage notes
  • Similar to ぞ (zo), ぜ is mostly used by males. However, unlike ぞ, ぜ is strictly informal register, and can be considered highly impolite if used outside of a casual setting.
  • When used with polite-register forms like です (desu) and the ます (masu) verb ending, this may imply sarcasm, contempt, or threat.[1][2]
Alternative forms
  • (Kansai, Tohoku) で (de)
  • (Internet slang) ず (zu)
  • じぇ (je)

Etymology 3

Reading of various kanji.

For pronunciation and definitions of ぜ – see the following entries.
【是】S
[noun] right, justice
【前】2
[suffix] (rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person
(This term, ぜ, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as ぜ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ぜ.)

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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