剛

See also: 刚
剛 U+525B, 剛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525B
← 剚
[U+525A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剜 →
[U+525C]

Translingual

Han character

剛 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月山中弓 (BULN), four-corner 72200, composition ⿰岡刂)

Derived characters
  • 𭡺, 𬌧, 𫅙, 𮢪, 𡬼, 𪮚, 𠠊

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2042
  • Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 344, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+525B

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岡 *klaːŋ
崗 *klaːŋ
剛 *klaːŋ
掆 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱 *klaːŋ
犅 *klaːŋ
堈 *klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1
trad. 剛
simp. 刚

Along with 鋼 (OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs, “steel”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古郎切
Baxter kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁaŋ/
English strong; hard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
No. 3713
Phonetic
component		 岡
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 岡
Old
Chinese		 /*klaːŋ/

Definitions

剛

  1. firm; hard; stiff
  2. strong
    他的性格是剛與柔的結合。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的性格是刚与柔的结合。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de xìnggé shì gāng yǔ róu de jiéhé. [Pinyin]
    His character is a combination of strength and kindness.
  3. a surname

Compounds
  • 丈二金剛／丈二金刚
  • 以柔克剛／以柔克刚
  • 以柔制剛／以柔制刚
  • 內柔外剛／内柔外刚 (nèiróuwàigāng)
  • 剛健／刚健 (gāngjiàn)
  • 剛克／刚克
  • 剛切／刚切
  • 剛勁／刚劲 (gāngjìng)
  • 剛勇／刚勇
  • 剛卯／刚卯 (gāngmǎo)
  • 剛口／刚口
  • 剛度／刚度
  • 剛強／刚强 (gāngqiáng)
  • 剛性／刚性 (gāngxìng)
  • 剛性憲法／刚性宪法
  • 剛性路面／刚性路面
  • 剛愎／刚愎 (gāngbì)
  • 剛愎不仁／刚愎不仁
  • 剛愎性成／刚愎性成
  • 剛愎自用／刚愎自用 (gāngbìzìyòng)
  • 剛戾／刚戾
  • 剛戾自用／刚戾自用
  • 剛日／刚日
  • 剛果／刚果 (Gāngguǒ)
  • 剛板硬正／刚板硬正
  • 剛果紅／刚果红 (gāngguǒhóng)
  • 剛柔／刚柔 (gāngróu)
  • 剛架／刚架
  • 剛柔並濟／刚柔并济
  • 剛柔相濟／刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
  • 剛棱／刚棱
  • 剛正／刚正 (gāngzhèng)
  • 剛正不阿／刚正不阿 (gāngzhèngbù'ē)
  • 剛毅／刚毅 (gāngyì)
  • 剛毅木訥／刚毅木讷
  • 剛毅果決／刚毅果决
  • 剛毛／刚毛 (gāngmáo)
  • 剛毫筆／刚毫笔
  • 剛氣／刚气
  • 剛烈／刚烈 (gāngliè)
  • 剛玉／刚玉 (gāngyù)
  • 剛直／刚直 (gāngzhí)
  • 剛石／刚石
  • 剛砂／刚砂
  • 剛硬／刚硬
  • 剛而自矜／刚而自矜
  • 剛腸／刚肠
  • 剛行剛驀／刚行刚蓦
  • 剛褊自用／刚褊自用
  • 剛道／刚道
  • 剛韌／刚韧
  • 剛風／刚风
  • 剛體／刚体 (gāngtǐ)
  • 吐剛茹柔／吐刚茹柔
  • 吳剛／吴刚
  • 吳剛伐桂／吴刚伐桂
  • 四大金剛／四大金刚
  • 外剛內柔／外刚内柔
  • 外柔內剛／外柔内刚
  • 大剛來／大刚来
  • 大剛喒／大刚咱
  • 好剛口／好刚口
  • 密跡金剛／密迹金刚
  • 待剛來／待刚来
  • 摧剛為柔／摧刚为柔
  • 柔能克剛／柔能克刚
  • 柔能制剛／柔能制刚
  • 柔茹剛吐／柔茹刚吐
  • 氣血方剛／气血方刚
  • 沒剛性／没刚性
  • 沉漸剛克／沉渐刚克
  • 沉潛剛克／沉潜刚克
  • 洪剛／洪刚
  • 無欲則剛／无欲则刚
  • 百鍊剛／百炼刚
  • 立地金剛／立地金刚
  • 茹柔吐剛／茹柔吐刚
  • 血氣方剛／血气方刚 (xuèqìfānggāng)
  • 變形金剛／变形金刚 (biànxíng jīngāng)
  • 金剛／金刚 (jīngāng)
  • 金剛努目／金刚努目
  • 金剛怒目／金刚怒目
  • 金剛智／金刚智
  • 金剛猩猩／金刚猩猩
  • 金剛界／金刚界
  • 金剛石／金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
  • 金剛砂／金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
  • 金剛經／金刚经
  • 金剛鑽／金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
  • 金剛鑽婚／金刚钻婚
  • 金剛頂經／金刚顶经
  • 陽剛／阳刚 (yánggāng)
  • 騂剛／骍刚

Etymology 2
trad. 剛
simp. 刚
alternative forms 將／将 dialectal

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Note: jion1 - colloquial.
Note: 1jian - colloquial (dated).

Definitions

剛

  1. just; exactly
    剛好／刚好  ―  gānghǎo  ―  just, exactly
  2. only a short while ago; just
    剛才／刚才  ―  gāngcái  ―  just now; a moment ago
    剛剛／刚刚  ―  gānggāng  ―  just now; only
    他剛回來。／他刚回来。  ―  Tā gāng huílái.  ―  He has just came back.
  3. barely; just
    一個月1000元的工資，剛夠他吃飯。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个月1000元的工资，刚够他吃饭。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī ge yuè 1000 yuán de gōngzī, gāng gòu tā chīfàn. [Pinyin]
    He earns 1000 yuan a month, barely enough for food.
  4. as soon as; only at this moment
    他剛做完工作，鈴就響了 [MSC, trad.]
    他刚做完工作，铃就响了 [MSC, simp.]
    tā gāng zuòwán gōngzuò, líng jiù xiǎng le [Pinyin]
    The moment he finished his work, the bell rang.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 剛才 (“just now”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 剛才, 方才, 適才, 剛剛, 剛
Mandarin Beijing 剛才, 才剛
Taiwan 剛才, 剛剛, 剛
Harbin 才剛兒, 頭先, 頭前兒
Yantai (Muping) 剛打剛兒, 剛剛兒
Jinan 剛才, 剛剛的
Luoyang 才剛, 才剛剛兒
Wanrong 剛剛
Xi'an 剛才
Yinchuan 剛才, 才剛
Xining 才才
Ürümqi 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 剛頭兒
Wuhan 才剛, 剛才, 才一路, 才路, 一路
Chengdu 才剛, 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 先頭
Liuzhou 頭先, 啱先
Yangzhou 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛, 剛
Nanjing 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛
Hefei 剛才
Malaysia 剛才
Singapore 剛才, 剛剛, 剛
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 才剛
Cantonese Guangzhou 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話, 疇先
Hong Kong 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 正就
Macau 頭先
Guangzhou (Panyu) 頭先, 啱啱, 啱先, 正話
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 啱啱
Guangzhou (Conghua) 啱啱
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 頭先
Foshan 剛啱, 舊家
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 舊先
Foshan (Shunde) 頭先
Foshan (Sanshui) 啱啱
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 啱青
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 頭先
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 頭先
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 頭先
Zhuhai (Doumen) 頭先
Jiangmen (Baisha) 頭先
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 頭先
Taishan 頭先, 正話
Kaiping (Chikan) 頭先
Enping (Niujiang) 頭先
Heshan (Yayao) 啱啱
Dongguan 蚊蚊, 啱先, 啱啱
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 頭先
Yangjiang 頭先, 啱先
Nanning 啱先
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 啱啱, 正話
Singapore (Guangfu) 頭先, 啱啱
Gan Nanchang 剛腳, 一腳
Lichuan 剛腳
Hakka Meixian 頭先, 啱先, 啱啱
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 先頭, 頭先
Dongguan (Qingxi) 正先
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 正先
Wuhua (Huacheng) 早先
Wengyuan 頭先
Liannan 正先
Conghua (Lütian) 啱啱
Jiexi 早回
Changting 頭先
Wuping (Yanqian) 頭間
Ninghua 正
Ningdu 當頭
Tonggu (Sandu) 正
Dayu 剛正哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭先, 頭下
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭先, 頭下
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭先, 頭下
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭先, 頭下
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭先, 頭下
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭先, 頭下
Hong Kong 頭先
Mengshan (Xihe) 啱
Luchuan 啱先
Senai (Huiyang) 正先
Huizhou Jixi 剛才, 剛剛, 剛之
Jin Taiyuan 剛才, 剛剛
Northern Min Jian'ou 頃先, 頃, 頃頃
Eastern Min Fuzhou 頭先, 頭先早, 連眼, 連刻, 矢文
Southern Min Xiamen 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 拄
Quanzhou 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 頭站仔, 拄
Zhangzhou 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 前拄仔, 盡拄仔, 拄
Kaohsiung 拄才
Yilan 拄才
Changhua (Lukang) 拄才
Taichung 拄拄仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 拄仔才
Tainan 頭陣仔
Taitung 頭拄仔
Hsinchu 拄仔
Penghu (Magong) 拄才
Penang (Hokkien) 麻汝, 耽仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 麻汝, 頭先, 頭早
Manila (Hokkien) 站仔, 頭站仔
Chaozhou 頭陣, 同早, 同旰
Shantou 剛才
Jieyang 同早, 同旰, 頭先, 同陣, 頭陣, 自早
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 同旰
Singapore (Teochew) 麻汝, 頭先, 同早
Leizhou 當奉囝
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 頭先, 開頭, 啱啱, 啱先
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 啱先, 頭先, 幾早, 頭幾早
Wu Shanghai 剛剛, 剛, 剛正, 開開 dated, 客客 dated, 方才 dated
Suzhou 剛剛, 剛剛頭, 剛巧
Danyang 剛才, 剛剛
Hangzhou 剛剛
Ningbo 剛剛
Wenzhou 頭前, 頭先, 頭兒
Xiang Changsha 剛才, 才剛, 嚴剛
Loudi 剛剛
Shuangfeng 當好, 才當

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
剛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sturdy

Readings

Proper noun

剛(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

  1. a male given name

剛(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi) 

  1. a male given name

剛(ごう) • (Gō) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

剛 (eum 강 (gang))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

剛: Hán Nôm readings: cương[1], cang[2]

  1. hard, strong, firm

References
  1. Trần (2004).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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