毛

毛 U+6BDB, 毛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BDB
← 毚
[U+6BDA]
CJK Unified Ideographs 毜 →
[U+6BDC]
⽑ U+2F51, ⽑
KANGXI RADICAL FUR
← ⽐
[U+2F50]
Kangxi Radicals ⽒ →
[U+2F52]

Translingual

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

毛 (Kangxi radical 82, 毛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手山 (HQU), four-corner 20714, composition ⿱丿⿻二乚)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 591, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16772
  • Dae Jaweon: page 983, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1994, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BDB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
毛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 毛
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – feather or hair.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-m(u/i/ja)l (“hair; fur; feather”); related to 眉 (OC *mril, “eyebrow”) and cognate with Manipuri ꯃꯨꯅ (mun, “pubic hair”), Garo খিমিল (khimil, “hair; fur”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-məw¹ (“body hair”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

(Cantonese) (mold): folk etymology suggests from English mold.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • mou4-1 - “hair; mold”.

Rime
Character 毛 毛
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 莫袍切 莫報切
Baxter maw mawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/maw/ /mawH/
Li
Rong
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Wang
Li
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mɑu/ /mɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
máo mào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mou4 mou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
máo
Middle
Chinese
‹ maw ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.mˁaw/
English hair

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 毛 毛
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8780 8791
Phonetic
component
毛 毛
Rime
group
宵 宵
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
毛 冃
Old
Chinese
/*maːw/ /*maːws/

Definitions

毛

  1. hair (of humans or animals); fur; feather (Classifier: 根 m; 條/条 c; 支 mn)
    雞毛/鸡毛 [Cantonese]  ―  gai1 mou4 [Jyutping]  ―  chicken feather
  2. (dialectal) hair on the head
  3. mildew; mold
    發毛/发毛 [Cantonese]  ―  faat3 mou4-1 [Jyutping]  ―  to become moldy
  4. (colloquial) jiao; one tenth of a yuan or dollar; ten cents; dime
    一毛錢/一毛钱  ―  yī máo qián  ―  a jiao / ten cents
    三塊兩毛/三块两毛  ―  sān kuài liǎng máo  ―  three yuan and two jiao / three dollars and twenty cents
    五毛黨/五毛党  ―  wǔmáodǎng  ―  wumao
  5. coarse; raw; semifinished
    毛茶  ―  máochá  ―  raw tea
  6. (of an amount) gross
    Antonym: 淨/净 (jìng)
    毛利  ―  máolì  ―  gross profit
    毛重  ―  máozhòng  ―  gross weight
  7. rough; sketchy
    毛估  ―  máogū  ―  to make a rough estimate
  8. small; little
    毛毛雨  ―  máomaoyǔ  ―  drizzle
    毛孩子  ―  máoháizi  ―  mere child
  9. careless; unthinking
    毛手毛腳/毛手毛脚  ―  máoshǒumáojiǎo  ―  to be careless
  10. panicked; scared; nervous
    把我嚇毛了/把我吓毛了  ―  bǎ wǒ xià máo le  ―  to have scared me
  11. angry; furious
  12. (of currency) depreciated
  13. (Mainland China, colloquial or slang) no; nothing; damn all; my ass
    有毛用  ―  yǒu máo yòng  ―  be not effective or useful, to be of damn-all use
    管毛用  ―  guǎn máo yòng  ―  be not effective or useful, to be of damn-all use
  14. (Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條/条 c)
    Synonyms: 春, 鐵/铁
    你識條毛咩? [Cantonese, trad.]
    你识条毛咩? [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 sik1 tiu4 mou4 me1? [Jyutping]
    Do you know anything at all?
  15. (ACG) hair (in unnatural colours)
    白毛  ―  bái máo  ―  [the character] with white-coloured hair
    假毛  ―  jiǎmáo  ―  wig
  16. (Hokkien) tiny; minute
  17. (Hokkien) impure; contaminated; false; mixed
  18. (Mainland China Hokkien) crops; vegetation; greenery; plants
  19. (Mainland China Hokkien) unrefined; crude
  20. a surname
    毛澤東/毛泽东  ―  Máo Zédōng  ―  Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), founder of the People's Republic of China
Usage notes

In Standard Chinese, for hair on the human head, use 頭髮/头发 (tóufa) instead.

Synonyms
  • (hair on the head):
  • (jiao):

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Arabic: مَاو (māw)
  • → English: Mao
  • → French: Mao
  • → German: Mao
  • → Italian: Mao
  • → Persian: مائو (mâ'u)
  • → Russian: Ма́о (Máo)
  • → Turkish: Mao
  • → Uyghur: ماۋ (maw)

Pronunciation


Definitions

毛

  1. (Southern Min) mountain weed

References

Japanese

Kanji

毛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. hair, fur

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
毛
け
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kay. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke (“hair, fur”).

Pronunciation

Noun

毛(け) • (ke) 

  1. [from c. 759] hair, fur

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
毛
もう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 毛 (maw).

Pronunciation

Noun

毛(もう) • (mō) 

  1. one thousandth
    1. one thousandth of a 寸 (sun) (approximately 0.0303 mm)
    2. one thousandth of a 匁 (monme) (exactly 3.75 mg)
    3. one thousandth of a 割 (wari) (0.01 percent)

References

  1. “毛”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 毛 (eumhun 터럭 모 (teoreok mo))

  1. Hanja form? of 모 (“hair”).

Okinawan

Kanji

毛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, from Proto-Japonic *kay. Cognate with Japanese 毛 (ke).

Noun

毛(きー) (kī) 

  1. hair, fur

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

毛: Hán Nôm readings: mao, mau, mào

  1. chữ Hán form of mao.
  2. Nôm form of mau (“quick, fast”).
  3. Nôm form of máu (“blood”).
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