煙

See also: 烟

煙	U+7159, 煙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7159

← 煘
[U+7158]

CJK Unified Ideographs

煚 →
[U+715A]

Translingual

Traditional	煙
Simplified	烟
Japanese	煙
Korean	煙

Han character

煙 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火一田土 (FMWG), four-corner 9181₄, composition ⿰火垔)

Derived characters

𫴍, 𬮕

Related characters

烟 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19203
Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2215, character 9
Unihan data for U+7159

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (垔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
黫	*qriːn
甄	ken, kin
薽	ken, kjin
籈	ken, kjin
煙	*qiːn
湮	qiːn, qin
堙	*qin
禋	*qin
闉	*qin
垔	*qin
陻	*qin
諲	*qin
歅	*qin
鄄	*kʷens

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːn) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).

Etymology 1

菸 – Taiwan, when related to tobacco
trad.		煙/菸^*
simp.		烟^*
alternative forms		烟𠖣𤎟𡨾𠖜烟𠖣𤎟𡨾𠖜𤏯

工廠裡產生的煙／工厂里产生的烟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yen¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ien¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên / yân

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan¹
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Northern Min (KCR): íng
Eastern Min (BUC): iĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ian

(Teochew, Peng'im): ing¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹i
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ienn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin¹
  - Yale: yīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ien¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ian⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: íng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
  - Tâi-lô: ian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ing¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹i
  - MiniDict: i^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ienn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯ẽ³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 煙
Mandarin	Beijing	/ian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ian²¹/
	Jinan	/iã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iã²¹/
	Xining	/iã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/iɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/iɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ian⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/iɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ien³¹/
	Hefei	/iĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/i⁵³/
	Suzhou	/iɪ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠i³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ie³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/iɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/iẽ³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iẽ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ian⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin⁵³/
	Nanning	/jin⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jin⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ian⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ieŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/iŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/in²³/

Middle Chinese: 'en

Rime
Character	煙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	烏前切
Baxter	'en
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔen/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔen/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɛn/
Li Rong	/ʔen/
Wang Li	/ien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qiːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	煙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔen ›
Old Chinese	/*[q]ˁi[n]/
English	smoke
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	煙
Reading #	1/1
No.	15192
Phonetic component	垔
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	煙
Old Chinese	/*qiːn/

Definitions

煙

smoke; mist; vapour (Classifier: 陣／阵 m c; 團／团 m; 縷／缕 m c; 層／层 m c)
煙囪裡噴出一團黑煙。 [MSC, trad.]
烟囱里喷出一团黑烟。 [MSC, simp.]
Yāncōng lǐ pēnchū yī tuán hēi yān. [Pinyin]
The chimney blew out a cloud of black smoke.
tobacco (plant)
tobacco product
這是一種味淡的煙。 [MSC, trad.]
这是一种味淡的烟。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè shì yī zhǒng wèi dàn de yān. [Pinyin]
This is a mild tobacco.
cigarette (Classifier: 支 m c; 根 m; 飛／飞 c)
把煙滅了。／把烟灭了。 ― Bǎ yān miè le. ― Put out the cigarette.

他給我捲了一支煙。 [MSC, trad.]
他给我卷了一支烟。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā gěi wǒ juǎn le yī zhī yān. [Pinyin]
He rolled a cigarette for me.
opium
虎門銷煙／虎门销烟 ― Hǔmén xiāo yān ― destruction of opium at Humen
soot
to irritate the eyes by smoke
做菜忘了開抽油煙機，煙得我流淚。 [MSC, trad.]
做菜忘了开抽油烟机，烟得我流泪。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuòcài wàng le kāi chōuyóuyānjī, yān de wǒ liúlèi. [Pinyin]
When I was cooking, I forgot to turn on the range hood, and the smoke made my eyes water.

Synonyms

(smoke): 煙子／烟子 (yānzi); (Sichuan) 煙煙兒／烟烟儿

Dialectal synonyms of 香煙 (“cigarette”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		香煙, 紙煙, 捲煙
Mandarin	Beijing	煙捲兒, 煙
	Taiwan	香煙, 煙
	Tianjin	洋煙, 洋煙捲兒
	Bayanhot	紙煙
	Harbin	香煙, 洋煙, 煙捲兒
	Yantai (Muping)	煙捲兒
	Jinan	煙捲兒, 煙
	Luoyang	洋煙, 洋煙捲兒, 紙煙, 煙
	Wanrong	紙煙
	Xi'an	紙煙
	Yinchuan	煙棒子, 紙煙, 捲煙
	Lanzhou	紙煙
	Xining	紙煙, 香煙
	Ürümqi	紙煙
	Wuhan	香煙, 紙煙, 煙, 條子, 條, 熏條子 dated
	Chengdu	紙煙, 香煙
	Guiyang	紙煙, 香煙
	Guilin	紙煙 dated, 煙
	Liuzhou	紙煙, 煙崽
	Xuzhou	香煙, 煙捲兒, 洋煙, 紙煙
	Yangzhou	香煙, 煙
	Nanjing	香煙, 洋煙
	Hefei	紙煙, 香煙
	Singapore	香煙
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	煙棒子, 煙棒棒子, 煙棒棒兒, 煙棒棒
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	煙棒子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	煙仔, 煙, 黑米
	Hong Kong	煙仔, 煙, 香煙
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	煙仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	煙仔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	煙仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	煙仔
	Macau	煙仔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	煙仔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	煙仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	煙仔, 煙
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	煙仔
	Foshan	煙仔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	煙仔
	Foshan (Shunde)	煙仔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	煙仔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	煙仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	煙仔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	煙仔
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	煙仔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	煙仔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	煙仔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	煙仔
	Taishan	煙仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	煙仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	煙仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	煙仔
	Dongguan	煙仔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	煙仔
	Shaoguan	煙仔
	Yunfu	煙仔
	Yangjiang	煙仔
	Xinyi	煙仔
	Lianjiang	煙仔
	Nanning	煙仔, 煙
	Wuzhou	煙仔, 煙
	Yulin	煙仔
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	煙
	Danzhou	煙仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	煙仔
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	煙仔
Gan	Nanchang	香煙
	Lichuan	香煙, 煙
	Pingxiang	香煙, 煙
Hakka	Meixian	煙仔, 煙枝
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	煙仔, 煙
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	煙仔
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	煙仔
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	煙仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	煙仔
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	煙仔
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	煙仔
	Boluo (Bendihua)	煙
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	煙仔
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	煙仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	香煙
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	煙仔
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	煙仔
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	煙仔
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	煙仔, 煙
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	煙
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	煙仔
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	煙仔
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	煙仔
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	煙仔
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	煙仔
	Conghua (Lütian)	煙仔
	Yudu	香煙, 紙煙
	Shicheng	紙煙
	Shangyou (Shexi)	紙煙
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	煙
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	煙
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	煙
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	煙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	薰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	薰
	Hong Kong	煙仔
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	紙煙
	Senai (Huiyang)	煙仔
	Singkawang	煙枝
Huizhou	Jixi	香煙
Jin	Taiyuan	洋旱煙, 紙煙, 煙捲兒, 煙
	Xinzhou	紙煙, 洋旱煙
	Hohhot	紙煙, 煙
Northern Min	Jian'ou	洋煙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	薰囝
	Changle	薰囝
	Fuqing	洋薰, 薰囝
	Yongtai	薰囝
	Gutian	薰囝
	Fu'an	洋薰
	Ningde	薰囝
	Shouning	薰囝
	Zhouning	洋薰
	Fuding	洋薰
Southern Min	Xiamen	薰枝, 薰
	Quanzhou	薰枝, 薰
	Jinjiang	薰枝
	Shishi	薰
	Yongchun	薰枝
	Zhangzhou	薰枝, 薰
	Taipei	薰
	Kaohsiung	薰
	Penang (Hokkien)	薰枝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	薰枝
	Manila (Hokkien)	薰枝, 薰
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	洋薰
	Datian	薰枝
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	薰
	Chaozhou	薰囝
	Shantou	薰囝, 薰
	Haifeng	薰
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	薰枝
	Singapore (Teochew)	薰枝
	Leizhou	薰囝
	Wenchang	煙囝
	Haikou	煙囝
Puxian Min	Putian	薰
	Putian (Donghai)	薰
	Putian (Jiangkou)	薰
	Putian (Nanri)	薰
	Xianyou	薰
	Xianyou (Fengting)	薰
	Xianyou (Youyang)	薰
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	煙崽
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	紙煙
Wu	Shanghai	香煙, 薰條
	Shanghai (Chongming)	香煙
	Suzhou	香煙, 煙
	Wuxi	香煙
	Danyang	香煙, 煙
	Hangzhou	香煙
	Ningbo	香煙, 煙
	Wenzhou	香煙
	Jinhua	香煙
Xiang	Changsha	紙煙, 煙
	Loudi	紙煙, 香煙
	Shuangfeng	紙煙
	Quanzhou	香煙

Compounds

一溜煙／一溜烟 (yīliùyān)
一縷煙／一缕烟
一脈香煙／一脉香烟
一蓬煙／一蓬烟
一道煙／一道烟
七孔生煙／七孔生烟
七竅生煙／七窍生烟
不煙不酒／不烟不酒 (bùyānbùjiǔ)
不食煙火／不食烟火
串煙／串烟
九點煙／九点烟
二手煙／二手烟 (èrshǒuyān)
五煙／五烟
人煙／人烟 (rényān)
人煙浩穰／人烟浩穰 (rényānhàoráng)
人煙湊集／人烟凑集 (rényāncòují)
人煙稀少／人烟稀少 (rényānxīshǎo)
人煙稠密／人烟稠密 (rényānchóumì)
人煙輻輳／人烟辐辏 (rényānfúcòu)
人間煙火／人间烟火
光煙霧／光烟雾
公煙／公烟 (gōngyān)
冒煙／冒烟 (màoyān)
冒煙突火／冒烟突火 (mào yān tūhuǒ)
凌煙
凌煙像
凌煙樓／凌烟楼
凌煙閣／凌烟阁
凝煙／凝烟
分煙／分烟
分煙析生／分烟析生
分煙析產／分烟析产
刨煙鋪／刨烟铺
千里無煙／千里无烟
卷煙／卷烟 (juǎnyān)
另起煙爨／另起烟爨
吃煙／吃烟 (chīyān)
吃花煙／吃花烟
呂宋煙／吕宋烟 (lǚsòngyān)
吸油煙機／吸油烟机
吞煙／吞烟
吹煙／吹烟
含煙／含烟
含煙籠霧／含烟笼雾
含煙舟／含烟舟
喝風呵煙／喝风呵烟
喝風屙煙／喝风屙烟
喝風痾煙／喝风疴烟
土煙／土烟
堅臥煙霞／坚卧烟霞
堠煙／堠烟
塵煙／尘烟 (chényān)
墟煙／墟烟
夕煙／夕烟 (xīyān)
外煙／外烟
大煙／大烟 (dàyān)
大麻煙／大麻烟
夷煙／夷烟
如墮煙海／如堕烟海
如墮煙霧／如堕烟雾
孤煙／孤烟
宵煙／宵烟
宮燭分煙／宫烛分烟
宿煙／宿烟
寒煙／寒烟
嵐煙／岚烟
平煙／平烟
幽煙／幽烟
忌煙／忌烟
思煙臺／思烟台
愁煙／愁烟
慶煙／庆烟
戍煙／戍烟
戒煙／戒烟 (jièyān)
扯縴拉煙／扯纤拉烟
抽油煙機／抽油烟机 (chōuyóuyānjī)
捲煙／卷烟 (juǎnyān)
排煙／排烟
捲煙畫片／卷烟画片
接紹香煙／接绍香烟
接續香煙／接续香烟
撞破煙樓／撞破烟楼
擺煙燈／摆烟灯
放煙幕／放烟幕
新煙／新烟
斷煙／断烟
日煙／日烟
旱煙／旱烟 (hànyān)
旱煙筒／旱烟筒
旱煙管／旱烟管
旱煙袋／旱烟袋 (hànyāndài)
旱煙鍋／旱烟锅
春煙／春烟
晨煙／晨烟
暖煙／暖烟
暝煙／暝烟
暮煙／暮烟
曛煙／曛烟
曙煙／曙烟
有氣無煙／有气无烟
束煙／束烟
村煙／村烟
杏花煙／杏花烟
杳無人煙／杳无人烟 (yǎowúrényān)
析煙／析烟
松煙／松烟 (sōngyān)
板煙／板烟 (bǎnyān)
松煙墨／松烟墨 (sōngyānmò)
柳含煙／柳含烟
柳煙／柳烟
柴煙／柴烟
柳煙花霧／柳烟花雾
桂煙／桂烟
桐花煙／桐花烟
桐華煙／桐华烟
棼煙／棼烟
椒煙／椒烟
槍煙／枪烟
榛煙／榛烟
槐煙／槐烟
槍煙砲雨／枪烟炮雨
樵煙／樵烟
樺煙／桦烟
檀煙／檀烟
檜煙／桧烟
步飛煙傳／步飞烟传
歸煙／归烟
毒煙／毒烟
氛煙／氛烟
水煙／水烟 (shuǐyān)
水煙壺／水烟壶
水煙師／水烟师
水煙筒／水烟筒
水煙管／水烟管
水煙袋／水烟袋 (shuǐyāndài)
江煙／江烟
沒人煙／没人烟
沈煙
油煙／油烟 (yóuyān)
油煙墨／油烟墨
油絲子煙／油丝子烟
流煙／流烟
洋煙／洋烟
浩如煙海／浩如烟海 (hàorúyānhǎi)
浮煙／浮烟
清水煙／清水烟
淡煙／淡烟
涼煙／凉烟
渚煙／渚烟
淩煙／凌烟
淩煙閣／凌烟阁
渺無人煙／渺无人烟 (miǎowúrényān)
湖煙／湖烟
溜煙／溜烟
漆煙／漆烟
潮煙／潮烟
澗煙／涧烟
潑煙花／泼烟花
潑賤煙花／泼贱烟花
濃煙／浓烟 (nóngyān)
濁煙塵／浊烟尘
火滅煙消／火灭烟消
火煙／火烟
灰煙瘴氣／灰烟瘴气
灰飛煙滅／灰飞烟灭 (huīfēiyānmiè)
灶煙／灶烟
炊煙／炊烟 (chuīyān)
炎煙／炎烟
烤煙／烤烟
烏煙／乌烟
烏煙瘴氣／乌烟瘴气 (wūyānzhàngqì)
烽煙／烽烟 (fēngyān)
烽煙四起／烽烟四起 (fēngyānsìqǐ)
焦煙／焦烟
無煙／无烟 (wúyān)
無煙火藥／无烟火药 (wúyān huǒyào)
無煙焦煤／无烟焦煤
無煙煤／无烟煤 (wúyānméi)
無煙鋼／无烟钢
煙仔魚／烟仔鱼 (ian-á-hî) (Min Nan)
煙侶／烟侣
煙傢伙／烟家伙
煙光／烟光
煙具／烟具 (yānjù)
煙冊／烟册
煙剌答／烟剌答
煙劍／烟剑
煙匣／烟匣
煙合包／烟合包
煙哨／烟哨
煙嘴／烟嘴 (yānzuǐ)
煙嘴兒／烟嘴儿
煙囪／烟囱
煙圈／烟圈
煙土／烟土 (yāntǔ)
煙埃／烟埃
煙堂／烟堂
煙塍／烟塍
煙塵／烟尘 (yānchén)
煙塵客／烟尘客
煙墩／烟墩
煙壑／烟壑
煙壒／烟壒
煙壘／烟垒
煙壺／烟壶
煙夜蛾／烟夜蛾
煙姿／烟姿
煙娥／烟娥
煙嬌／烟娇
煙子／烟子 (yānzi)
煙室／烟室
煙客／烟客
煙容／烟容
煙寺／烟寺
煙屁股／烟屁股
煙岑／烟岑
煙岫／烟岫
煙岸／烟岸
煙峰／烟峰
煙島／烟岛
煙嵐／烟岚
煙嵐雲岫／烟岚云岫
煙嶂／烟嶂
煙嶠／烟峤
煙嶺／烟岭
煙嶼／烟屿
煙嶼樓／烟屿楼
煙巒／烟峦
煙帆／烟帆
煙帳／烟帐
煙幌／烟幌
煙幕／烟幕 (yānmù)
煙幕彈／烟幕弹 (yānmùdàn)
煙床／烟床 (yānchuáng)
煙店／烟店 (Yāndiàn)
煙影／烟影
煙徑／烟径
煙心／烟心
煙態／烟态
煙戶／烟户
煙戶冊／烟户册
煙扦子／烟扦子
煙捲／烟卷 (yānjuǎn)
煙捲兒／烟卷儿 (yānjuǎnr)
煙支／烟支
煙支支／烟支支
煙斗 (yāndǒu)
煙斗絲／烟斗丝 (yāndǒusī)
煙斥／烟斥
煙斷火絕／烟断火绝
煙日／烟日
煙旻／烟旻
煙春／烟春
煙景／烟景
煙曀／烟曀
煙曙／烟曙
煙月／烟月
煙月作坊／烟月作坊
煙月場／烟月场
煙月牌／烟月牌
煙月鬼狐／烟月鬼狐
煙朵／烟朵
煙杆
煙村／烟村
煙林／烟林
煙松／烟松
煙杯／烟杯
煙杪／烟杪
煙柳／烟柳
煙柱／烟柱 (yānzhù)
煙案／烟案
煙條／烟条
煙桷／烟桷
煙桿／烟杆
煙條雨葉／烟条雨叶
煙條露葉／烟条露叶
煙棹
煙極／烟极
煙槍／烟枪 (yānqiāng)
煙榻／烟榻 (yāntà)
煙樓／烟楼
煙樹／烟树
煙檻／烟槛
煙毒／烟毒
煙民／烟民 (yānmín)
煙氛／烟氛
煙氣／烟气 (yānqì)
煙水／烟水
煙水亭／烟水亭
煙水國／烟水国
煙水夢／烟水梦
煙汁／烟汁
煙汀／烟汀
煙江／烟江
煙沙／烟沙
煙泡／烟泡
煙泥／烟泥
煙油／烟油 (yānyóu)
煙波／烟波 (yānbō)
煙波人／烟波人
煙波宅／烟波宅
煙波客／烟波客
煙波徒／烟波徒
煙波浩渺／烟波浩渺
煙波萬頃／烟波万顷
煙波興／烟波兴
煙波趣／烟波趣
煙波釣叟／烟波钓叟
煙波釣徒／烟波钓徒
煙洲／烟洲
煙津／烟津
煙洞／烟洞
煙浦／烟浦
煙浪／烟浪
煙海／烟海 (yānhǎi)
煙消冰釋／烟消冰释
煙消火滅／烟消火灭
煙消雲散／烟消云散 (yānxiāoyúnsàn)
煙消霧散／烟消雾散
煙液／烟液
煙清／烟清
煙渚／烟渚
煙溪／烟溪
煙漢／烟汉
煙潯／烟浔
煙濤／烟涛
煙火／烟火
煙火之警／烟火之警
煙火氣／烟火气
煙火物／烟火物
煙火鄰居／烟火邻居
煙火食／烟火食
煙灰／烟灰 (yānhuī)
煙灰碟／烟灰碟 (yānhuīdié)
煙灰碟兒／烟灰碟儿
煙灰缸／烟灰缸 (yānhuīgāng)
煙灰缸兒／烟灰缸儿
煙灶／烟灶
煙炎／烟炎
煙炱／烟炱
煙炭／烟炭
煙烽／烟烽
煙烻／烟烻
煙焰／烟焰 (yānyàn)
煙焱／烟焱
煙煤／烟煤 (yānméi)
煙煬／烟炀
煤煙／煤烟
煙煨／烟煨
煙煙／烟烟
煤煙子／煤烟子
煙熅／烟煴
煙熏火燎
煙燄／烟焰
煙燒／烟烧
煙燎／烟燎
煙燈／烟灯
煙燎火氣／烟燎火气
煙燄障天／烟焰障天
煙燻／烟熏 (yānxūn)
煙燼／烟烬
煙燻火燎／烟熏火燎
煙爓／烟𰟘
煙爨／烟爨
煙牀／烟牀 (yānchuáng)
煙犯／烟犯
煙珠／烟珠
煙瓦／烟瓦
煙甍／烟甍
煙生喉舌／烟生喉舌
煙痕／烟痕
煙瘴／烟瘴
煙癖／烟癖
煙癮／烟瘾 (yānyǐn)
煙發／烟发
煙皋／烟皋
煙盂／烟盂
煙盒／烟盒 (yānhé)
煙盒兒／烟盒儿
煙盒子／烟盒子
煙盤／烟盘
煙眼／烟眼
煙矢／烟矢
煙硝／烟硝
煙磧／烟碛
煙磴／烟磴
煙祀／烟祀
煙視媚行／烟视媚行
煙禁／烟禁
煙穗／烟穗
煙空／烟空
煙突／烟突
煙窗／烟窗 (yānchuāng)
煙窩／烟窝
煙竇／烟窦
煙竹／烟竹
煙策／烟策
煙筒／烟筒 (yāntǒng)
煙筩／烟筒
煙管／烟管 (yānguǎn)
煙篆／烟篆
煙篁／烟篁
煙簑／烟蓑
煙簑雨笠／烟蓑雨笠
煙篷／烟篷
煙籠霧鎖／烟笼雾锁
煙籤／烟签
煙粉／烟粉
煙絮／烟絮
煙絲／烟丝 (yānsī)
煙綿／烟绵
煙線／烟线
煙縷／烟缕
煙缸／烟缸
煙缸兒／烟缸儿
煙翠／烟翠
煙聚／烟聚
煙聚波屬／烟聚波属
煙肆／烟肆
煙肢／烟肢
煙脂／烟脂
煙膏／烟膏 (yāngāo)
煙膠／烟胶
煙臺／烟台 (Yāntái)
煙臺市／烟台市
煙舍／烟舍
煙舟／烟舟
煙船／烟船
煙艇／烟艇
煙色／烟色
煙花／烟花 (yānhuā)
煙花債／烟花债
煙花場／烟花场
煙花女／烟花女 (yānhuānǚ)
煙花寨／烟花寨
煙花寨主／烟花寨主
煙花巷／烟花巷 (yānhuāxiàng)
煙花市／烟花市 (yānhuāshì)
煙花柳巷／烟花柳巷 (yānhuā liǔxiàng)
煙花窟／烟花窟
煙花簿／烟花簿
煙花粉黛／烟花粉黛
煙花行院／烟花行院
煙花門戶／烟花门户
煙花陣／烟花阵
煙花隊／烟花队
煙花風月／烟花风月
煙苗／烟苗
煙草／烟草 (yāncǎo)
煙莽／烟莽
煙荷包／烟荷包
煙華／烟华
煙葉／烟叶 (yānyè)
煙蒂／烟蒂 (yāndì)
煙蒂頭／烟蒂头
煙蒲／烟蒲
煙蓑雨笠／烟蓑雨笠
煙蕪／烟芜
煙蕊／烟蕊
煙蘿／烟萝
煙蘿子／烟萝子
煙虹／烟虹
煙蚜／烟蚜
煙蛾／烟蛾
煙螺／烟螺
煙袋／烟袋 (yāndài)
煙袋哨子／烟袋哨子
煙袋嘴兒／烟袋嘴儿
煙袋桿／烟袋杆
煙袋桿兒／烟袋杆儿
煙袋油子／烟袋油子
煙袋荷包／烟袋荷包
煙袋鍋／烟袋锅 (yāndàiguō)
煙袋鍋兒／烟袋锅儿
煙袋鍋子／烟袋锅子
煙谷／烟谷
煙豔／烟艳
煙販／烟贩
煙資／烟资
煙赩／烟赩
煙農／烟农 (yānnóng)
煙通／烟通
煙道／烟道
煙郊／烟郊
煙酒／烟酒 (yānjiǔ)
煙酒不分家／烟酒不分家
煙野／烟野
煙針／烟针
煙銷／烟销
煙鋪／烟铺
煙銷火滅／烟销火灭
煙銷灰滅／烟销灰灭
煙鍋／烟锅 (yānguō)
煙鍋巴／烟锅巴
煙閣／烟阁
煙闕／烟阙
煙陂／烟陂
煙障／烟障
煙際／烟际
煙雨／烟雨 (yānyǔ)
煙雨樓／烟雨楼
煙雨臺／烟雨台
煙雪／烟雪
煙雲／烟云
煙雲供養／烟云供养
煙雲過眼／烟云过眼
煙霄／烟霄
煙霏／烟霏
煙霓／烟霓
煙霏雨散／烟霏雨散
煙霏霧集／烟霏雾集
煙霏露結／烟霏露结
煙霞／烟霞 (yānxiá)
煙霞侶／烟霞侣
煙霞友／烟霞友
煙霞外人／烟霞外人
煙霞宅／烟霞宅
煙霞心／烟霞心
煙霞志／烟霞志
煙霞氣／烟霞气
煙霞洞／烟霞洞
煙霞痼／烟霞痼
煙霞痼疾／烟霞痼疾
煙霞癖／烟霞癖
煙霞色相／烟霞色相
煙霧／烟雾 (yānwù)
煙霰／烟霰
煙露／烟露
煙霾／烟霾 (yānmái)
煙靄／烟霭 (yān'ǎi)
煙頭／烟头 (yāntóu)
煙頭兒／烟头儿
煙飛星散／烟飞星散
煙館／烟馆 (yānguǎn)
煙駕／烟驾
煙騖／烟骛
煙鬟／烟鬟
煙鬟霧鬢／烟鬟雾鬓
煙鬢／烟鬓
煙鬼／烟鬼 (yānguǐ)
煙魄／烟魄
煙鱗／烟鳞
煙鳥／烟鸟
煙鴻／烟鸿
煙鹼／烟碱 (yānjiǎn)
煙墨／烟墨
燋煙／燋烟
燎煙／燎烟
燒煙煙／烧烟烟
爐煙／炉烟
爨煙／爨烟
狼煙／狼烟 (lángyān)
狼煙四起／狼烟四起
狼煙大話／狼烟大话
獸煙／兽烟
玉煙／玉烟
瑞煙／瑞烟
瑤煙／瑶烟
生煙／生烟
用煙／用烟
疏煙／疏烟
瘴雨蠻煙／瘴雨蛮烟
發煙劑／发烟剂
白煙／白烟
石煙／石烟
硝煙／硝烟 (xiāoyān)
硝煙彈雨／硝烟弹雨
碧松煙／碧松烟
碧煙／碧烟
祥煙／祥烟
禁煙／禁烟 (jìnyān)
禁煙節／禁烟节
私煙／私烟 (sīyān)
秋煙／秋烟
突煙／突烟
窯煙／窑烟
竈煙／灶烟
竹煙／竹烟
竹煙波月／竹烟波月
篆煙／篆烟
紛如煙／纷如烟
紙捲煙／纸卷烟
紙煙／纸烟 (zhǐyān)
素煙／素烟
紙落雲煙／纸落云烟
紫煙／紫烟
絳煙／绛烟
綠煙紅霧／绿烟红雾
縹煙／缥烟
翠煙／翠烟
耍煙／耍烟
耍煙九／耍烟九
耕煙／耕烟
舊公煙／旧公烟
花煙間／花烟间
花煙館／花烟馆
荒煙／荒烟
荒煙蔓草／荒烟蔓草
葉子煙／叶子烟 (yèziyān)
蒼煙／苍烟
藥煙／药烟
蘭煙／兰烟
蘭花煙／兰花烟
蚊煙／蚊烟
蚊煙香／蚊烟香
蝦蟆煙／虾蟆烟
螺鬟煙髮／螺鬟烟发
蠓煙／蠓烟
蠟煙／蜡烟
蠻煙／蛮烟
蠻煙瘴雨／蛮烟瘴雨
蠻煙瘴霧／蛮烟瘴雾
行煙／行烟
裊裊炊煙／袅袅炊烟
讓煙／让烟
貢煙／贡烟
輕煙／轻烟
迷煙／迷烟
迸煙／迸烟
過眼煙雲／过眼烟云
過眼雲煙／过眼云烟
遠煙／远烟
遺煙／遗烟
野煙／野烟
鉏煙／锄烟
銜煙／衔烟
鋒煙／锋烟
鍋煙／锅烟
鍋煙子／锅烟子 (guōyānzi)
長煙／长烟
陰煙／阴烟
雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙／鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟 (ke sái lo̍h thô͘, iā ū saⁿ chhùn ian) (Min Nan)
雨井煙垣／雨井烟垣
雨愁煙恨／雨愁烟恨
雨條煙葉／雨条烟叶
雨笠煙簑／雨笠烟蓑
雨笠煙蓑／雨笠烟蓑
雨簑煙笠／雨蓑烟笠
雨老煙荒／雨老烟荒
雨膏煙膩／雨膏烟腻
雨蓑煙笠／雨蓑烟笠
雪煙／雪烟
雲煙／云烟 (yúnyān)
雲煙屐／云烟屐
雲煙過眼／云烟过眼
雲飛煙滅／云飞烟灭
零煙／零烟
霏煙／霏烟
霜煙／霜烟
霧結煙愁／雾结烟愁
霧綃煙縠／雾绡烟縠
霧鎖煙迷／雾锁烟迷
露紅煙紫／露红烟紫
露紅煙綠／露红烟绿
青煙／青烟
非煙／非烟
頂煙／顶烟
風煙／风烟
飛煙／飞烟
飛煙傳／飞烟传
餘煙／余烟
香煙／香烟 (xiāngyān)
香煙不絕／香烟不绝
香煙後代／香烟后代
馳煙／驰烟
鬟煙／鬟烟
鬢煙／鬓烟
鴉煙／鸦烟
鴉片煙／鸦片烟 (yāpiànyān)
鶴煙／鹤烟
鹵煙／卤烟
麝煙／麝烟
麻煙／麻烟
黃煙／黄烟
黑煙／黑烟 (hēiyān)
黕煙／黕烟
點染雲煙／点染云烟
黛煙／黛烟
鼻煙／鼻烟 (bíyān)
鼻煙壺／鼻烟壶 (bíyānhú)
鼻煙瓶／鼻烟瓶
鼻煙盒／鼻烟盒 (bíyānhé)
齊煙九點／齐烟九点
龍煙／龙烟

Etymology 2

trad.		煙
simp.		烟^*

Short for 煙士／烟士 (jin¹ si^6-2, “(card games) ace”).

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin¹
  - Yale: yīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

煙

(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, informal, card games) ace (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 條／条 c)
啤煙／啤烟 [Cantonese] ― pe¹ jin¹ [Jyutping] ― pair of aces

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 尖兒 (“ace (playing cards)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Mandarin	Beijing	尖兒, 叉, 老叉
	Xi'an	尖子
	Wuhan	尖子, 尖, 耶司
	Guiyang	尖, 尖尖, 帽
	Liuzhou	煙洗, 煙
	Xuzhou	老幺, 老帽兒, 尖子
	Nanjing	愛斯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	煙士, 煙
	Hong Kong	煙士, 煙
	Taishan	一士
	Wuzhou	煙
	Yulin	煙
Gan	Nanchang	尖
	Pengze	尖
	Lichuan	尖子
	Pingxiang	尖子, 尖
Hakka	Meixian	煙仔
Hakka	Yudu	尖子
Huizhou	Jixi	尖子, 尖心
Jin	Taiyuan	幺尖兒
Southern Min	Xiamen	A
Southern Min	Shantou	幺, 一
Wu	Shanghai	愛斯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	愛斯
	Suzhou	A, 愛斯

Etymology 3

trad.		煙/菸^*
simp.		烟^*

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hun

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴/

Definitions

煙

(Southern Min) Alternative form of 薰 (“tobacco; cigarette”)
- 2003, “醉英雄”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 [Galon Hsu] (music)‎performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:
  
  煙一支　檳榔一嘴 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  烟一支　槟榔一嘴 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  hun chi̍t ki, pin-nn̂g chi̍t chhùi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  One cigarette, one bite of betel nut

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02420
“煙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	煙
Kyūjitai [1][2]	煙󠄁 煙+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	煙󠄃 煙+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

煙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
Kun: けむい (kemui, 煙い, Jōyō); けむり (kemuri, 煙, Jōyō); けむる (kemuru, 煙る, Jōyō); けぶ (kebu, 煙); けぶい (kebui, 煙い); けぶたい (kebutai, 煙たい); けぶり (keburi, 煙); けぶる (keburu, 煙る); けむ (kemu, 煙); けむたい (kemutai, 煙たい); けむたがる (kemutagaru, 煙たがる); けむり (kemuri, 煙り); すす (susu, 煙)

Compounds

煙草(たばこ) (tabako): tobacco, a cigar
煙幕(えんまく) (enmaku): a smokescreen
狼煙(のろし) (noroshi): smoke signal, skyrocket, a signal fire
発煙(はつえん) (hatsuen): emitting smoke
禁煙(きんえん) (kin'en): no smoking, smoking forbidden, smoking ban
煙霧(えんむ) (enmu): a haze
煙(えん)霧(む)質(しつ) (enmushitsu): an aerosol
煙突(えんとつ) (entotsu): chimney, smokestack

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
煙
けむり Grade: S
kun’yomi

/keburi/ → /kemuri/

Shift from Old Japanese-derived keburi reading (see below) as a regular /b/ → /m/ change.[3][4][5] Appears in the Taiheiki of the late 1300s.

Now the most common reading.

Alternative forms

烟 (less common)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けむり [kèmúrí] (Heiban – [0])[4][6][7]
IPA^(key): [ke̞mɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

煙(けむり) • (kemuri)

smoke

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
煙
けむ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Clipping of earlier kemuri (see above).[3][4] Appears in kabuki plays of the late Edo Period (late 1700s, early 1800s).

Alternative forms

烟 (less common)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けむ [kèmú] (Heiban – [0])[4][7]
IPA^(key): [ke̞mɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

煙(けむ) • (kemu)

(informal, colloquial) smoke

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
煙
けぶり Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 煙る (keburu, “to be smoky, to give off smoke”).[3][4][5] Appears with this reading in the Man'yōshū.

Alternative forms

烟 (less common)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ke̞bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

煙(けぶり) • (keburi)

(archaic, possibly dialect) smoke

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
煙
けぶ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Clipping of earlier keburi (see above).[3][4][5]

Alternative forms

烟 (less common)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けぶ [kèbú] (Heiban – [0])[4]
IPA^(key): [ke̞bɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

煙(けぶ) • (kebu)

(archaic, possibly dialect) smoke

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
煙
えん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 煙 (MC 'en).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

煙(えん) • (en)

smoke
fog, mist
soot
tobacco, tobacco products such as cigarettes or cigars

Usage notes

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms

煙(えん)突(とつ) (entotsu, “smokestack, chimney”)
喫煙(きつえん) (kitsuen, “smoking”)
禁(きん)煙(えん) (kin'en, “no smoking”)

References

Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1369 (paper), page 735 (digital)
Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 795 (paper), page 410 (digital)
Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

煙 (eumhun 연기 연 (yeon'gi yeon))

Hanja form^? of 연 (“smoke”).

Compounds

연기 (煙氣, yeon'gi, “smoke”)
연막 (煙幕, yeonmak, “smokescreen”)
매연 (煤煙, maeyeon, “exhaust”)

Vietnamese

Han character

煙: Hán Nôm readings: yên

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[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1369 (paper), page 735 (digital)

[2] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 795 (paper), page 410 (digital)

[KDJ-3] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-4] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-5] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-6] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-7] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN