只

See also: 兄, 隻, 衹, and 祇
只 U+53EA, 只
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53EA
← 叩
[U+53E9]
CJK Unified Ideographs 叫 →
[U+53EB]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

只 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口金 (RC), four-corner 60800, composition ⿱口八)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №49

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 383, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 570, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53EA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 只
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) : airflow coming out of a mouth (口) – a modal particle.

Etymology 1

trad. 只/衹*/祇*/祗*
simp. 只
alternative forms 秖

Schuessler (2007) suggests that it is possibly Sino-Tibetan, relating it to Kamarupan ke, kʰe (“one”), which are perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kjaŋ (“single”), whence Tibetan རྐྱང (rkyang, “single”), Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:, “single”) and Burmese ချည်း (hkyany:, “alone,only, just”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 只
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章移切
Baxter tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 1/2
No. 17304
Phonetic
component
只
Rime
group
支
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
支
Old
Chinese
/*klje/

Definitions

只

  1. only; just; simply; merely
    我只去過一次。/我只去过一次。  ―  Wǒ zhǐ qù guò yī cì.  ―  I've only been there once.
    湯裡只放了一點兒胡椒粉。 [MSC, trad.]
    汤里只放了一点儿胡椒粉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāng lǐ zhǐ fàng le yīdiǎnr hújiāofěn. [Pinyin]
    There was just a hint of pepper in the soup.
    一日到夜只曉得吃、吃、吃,事體末一眼也勿會得做。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    一日到夜只晓得吃、吃、吃,事体末一眼也勿会得做。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    7iq-gniq-tau-ya 7tseq 5shiau-teq 7chiq 7chiq 7chiq 6zy-thi-meq 7iq-nge 6gha 8veq-ue-teq 5tsu [Wugniu]
    The only thing [you] do all day is eat, and yet you do nothing important.
  2. † originally; at first

Synonyms

  • (only):

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
只
alternative forms 茲/兹 Min

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2

Definitions

只

  1. (literary or Min) this
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component
只
Rime
group
支
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
紙
Old
Chinese
/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

只

  1. † A modal particle.

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Definitions

只

  1. † to do

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.
只

Pronunciation


Definitions

只

  1. † Progressive particle, akin to 著/着 (zhe). [Yuan–Ming]

Etymology 6

simp. and trad.
只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component
只
Rime
group
支
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
紙
Old
Chinese
/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

只

  1. a surname

Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 隻 (“one bird; single; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 隻).
Notes:

In traditional script, 只 (zhī) is a variant of 隻/只 (zhī) for a subset of its senses such as classifier for hands (highest affinity), one of a pair, etc, but most notably not for animals.

Pronunciation


Definitions

只

  1. Classifier for hands and objects worn on/around hand.
    一只戒指  ―  yī zhī jièzhǐ  ―  one ring
    一只手錶/一只手表  ―  yī zhī shǒubiǎo  ―  one wristwatch
    一只皮箱  ―  yī zhī píxiāng  ―  one leather suitcase
  2. Classifier for one of a pair.
    一只耳環/一只耳环  ―  yī zhī ěrhuán  ―  one earring
    兩只小眼睛/两只小眼睛  ―  liǎng zhī xiǎo yǎnjīng  ―  two little eyes
  3. Classifier for boats and certain vessels.
    一只小船  ―  yī zhī xiǎochuán  ―  one little boat
    一只花瓶  ―  yī zhī huāpíng  ―  one flower vase

Etymology 8

For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 咫 (“unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 咫).

Japanese

Kanji

只

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. only
  2. simply
  3. just

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Kun: ただ (tada, 只)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
只
ただ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see the following entry.
【ただタダ】
[noun] 徒, 只: ordinary, common, nothing special
[noun] 只: free of charge, free
Alternative spelling
徒
【ただ】
[adjective] 徒, 只: ordinary, simple
[adjective] 徒, 只: nothing
[adverb] 唯, 只, 但: merely, commonly, simply, only
[conjunction] 唯, 只, 但: but, however, although, except that
Alternative spellings
徒, 唯, 但
(This term, 只, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

只 (eum 지 (ji))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Korean

Pronunciation

Conventionally reconstructed as *-k, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Phonogram

只 (*-k)

  1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-k.

Particle

只 (*-k)

  1. An emphatic particle attached to the connective form of verbs.
Descendants
  • Middle Korean: ㄱ (-k)

Verb

只 (*ki-)

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. It usually appears after other verbs, taking the honorific suffix 賜 (*-si), and appears to be some kind of auxiliary. It has no known Middle Korean reflex. Nam Pung-hyeon speculates whether it might be connected to or be a variant of 在 (*KYE-).

References

  • 남풍현 [nampunghyeon] (2004) “시상의 조동사 '在/𠂇/겨'의 발달' [sisang'ui jodongsa 在/𠂇/gyeo- ui baldal, The development of the aspectual auxiliary kye-]”, in Gugeo gukmunhak, volume 138, pages 5—34
  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549

Vietnamese

Han character

只: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, chích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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