給

See also: 给
給 U+7D66, 給
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D66
← 絥
[U+7D65]
CJK Unified Ideographs 絧 →
[U+7D67]

Translingual

Han character

給 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火人一口 (VFOMR), four-corner 28961, composition ⿰糹合)

Derived characters

  • 𠎨, 𢵰

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 923, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1357, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3394, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7D66

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 給
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krub) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1

trad. 給
simp. 给

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qǝ̆p (“to give; to supply”), comparing it to Burmese အပ် (ap, “to commit; to deliver; to hand over”), Jingpho ap (“to hand over”), Lepcha ᰀᰤᰬᰱ (kjep, “to add to; to multiply”), ᰃᰤᰱ (gjap, “many”).

In Mandarin, Jin and Xiang, pronunciations 1 and 2 are generally thought of as colloquial and literary readings respectively, from the same Middle Chinese etymon (Zhengzhang, 2002; Liu, 2021; among others). Pronunciation 2, the literary reading, is a regular reflex from Middle Chinese. However, since pronunciation 1 is highly irregular, others have proposed alternative etymologies for it:

  • From the contraction of 過與 (MC kwaH yoX, “to pass to”) (Ikeda, 1962; Hirayama, 2000, 2010; Wang, 2022);
  • From 乞 (MC khj+t|khj+jH, “to give”) (Zhang, 1989); and
  • From 饋 (MC gwijH, “to gift”) (Shimura, 1995).

Pronunciation 1


Note: colloquial.
Note: colloquial.
Note: colloquial.

Rime
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居立切
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kjip̚/
Li
Rong
/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component
合
Rime
group
緝
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
急
Old
Chinese
/*krub/
Definitions

給

  1. to give
    給你一個吻/给你一个吻  ―  gěi nǐ yīge wěn  ―  give you a kiss
  2. for; for the benefit of
    我給你按摩吧。/我给你按摩吧。  ―  Wǒ gěi nǐ ànmó ba.  ―  Let me do a massage for you.
  3. to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)
    這裡有我一直想說給你聽的話。 [MSC, trad.]
    这里有我一直想说给你听的话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèlǐ yǒu wǒ yīzhí xiǎng shuō gěi nǐ tīng de huà. [Pinyin]
    Here are the words I've always wanted to say to you.
  4. to (introduce recipient of an action)
    給他道歉!/给他道歉!  ―  Gěi tā dàoqiàn!  ―  Apologise to him!
  5. by (marker of passive voice)
    我們都給人騙了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们都给人骗了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen dōu gěi rén piàn le. [Pinyin]
    We all got fooled.
  6. Used in the form of 給我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.
    你給我閉嘴!/你给我闭嘴!  ―  Nǐ gěi wǒ bìzuǐ!  ―  Shut the heck up!
  7. Used before a verb for emphasis of affectedness.
    行李讓雨給淋濕了。 [MSC, trad.]
    行李让雨给淋湿了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi línshī le. [Pinyin]
    The luggage was soaked by rain.
    我把椅子給移開了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我把椅子给移开了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bǎ yǐzi gěi yíkāi le. [Pinyin]
    I moved the chair away.
  8. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) and
Synonyms
Compounds
  • 付給/付给
  • 呈給/呈给
  • 撥給/拨给
  • 發給/发给 (fāgěi)
  • 白給/白给 (báigěi)
  • 給以/给以 (gěiyǐ)
  • 給以顏色/给以颜色
  • 給價/给价
  • 給我記住/给我记住
  • 給臉/给脸

Pronunciation 2


Note: literary.
Note: literary.
Note: literary.

Rime
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居立切
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kjip̚/
Li
Rong
/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 給
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component
合
Rime
group
緝
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
急
Old
Chinese
/*krub/
Definitions

給

  1. to supply; to provide
    給予/给予  ―  jǐyǔ  ―  to provide; to give
  2. to grant; to bestow
  3. salary; pay
  4. abundant; plenty
  5. nimble; quick
  6. a surname
Compounds
  • 不給/不给 (bùjǐ)
  • 不能自給/不能自给
  • 人給家足/人给家足
  • 仰給/仰给
  • 仰給於人/仰给于人
  • 供給/供给 (gōngjǐ)
  • 保險給付/保险给付
  • 俸給/俸给
  • 傭給/佣给
  • 公共給水/公共给水
  • 利口捷給/利口捷给
  • 加給/加给
  • 取給/取给 (qǔjǐ)
  • 口才辨給/口才辨给
  • 口給/口给
  • 口齒便給/口齿便给
  • 周給/周给
  • 女給/女给
  • 家給/家给
  • 家給人足/家给人足
  • 家給戶贍/家给户赡
  • 家給民足/家给民足
  • 恩給制/恩给制
  • 慧給/慧给
  • 戶給人足/户给人足
  • 捷給/捷给
  • 敏給/敏给
  • 日不暇給/日不暇给
  • 日給/日给
  • 月給/月给 (yuèjǐ)
  • 有給職/有给职
  • 死亡給付/死亡给付
  • 無給職/无给职
  • 現金給付/现金给付
  • 目不暇給/目不暇给 (mùbùxiájǐ)
  • 目不給視/目不给视
  • 給予/给予
  • 給事中/给事中
  • 給付/给付
  • 給使/给使
  • 給假/给假
  • 給散/给散
  • 給水/给水 (jǐshuǐ)
  • 給與/给与 (jǐyǔ)
  • 給足/给足
  • 給養/给养 (jǐyǎng)
  • 自給/自给 (zìjǐ)
  • 自給自足/自给自足 (zìjǐzìzú)
  • 薪給/薪给 (xīnjǐ)
  • 虛給/虚给
  • 補給/补给 (bǔjǐ)
  • 補給品/补给品
  • 補給線/补给线
  • 補給證/补给证
  • 請給/请给
  • 賑給/赈给
  • 辨給/辨给
  • 辭給/辞给
  • 辯給/辩给
  • 配給/配给 (pèijǐ)
  • 配給制度/配给制度
  • 配給品/配给品
  • 配給票/配给票
  • 醫療給付/医疗给付
  • 饔飧不給/饔飧不给
  • 齊給/齐给

Etymology 2

trad. 給
simp. 给

Pronunciation


Definitions

給

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 予 (“hō͘”)

Japanese

Kanji

給

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

給 (eumhun 넉넉할 급 (neongneokhal geup))

  1. Hanja form? of 급 (“give”).
  2. Hanja form? of 급 (“by, for”).

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

給: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, góp, cắp, cóp, cướp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.