洋

洋 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿手 (ETQ), four-corner 3815₁, composition ⿰氵羊)

• 𣺸, 𫈭

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 619, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17363
• Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1615, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6D0B

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).

“multitudinous; vast; ocean”

Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).

Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).

"vast expanse of flat land"

The same word as 陽 (OC *laŋ), which is a variant of 野 (OC *laːʔ, “plain”), used in 平陽／平阳 (píngyáng, “flat land”) and many place names in which 陽／阳 (yáng) does not seem to mean "south side of mountain or north side of river" (Pan, 2016). It is also the same word as 垟 (yáng), used in place names. Cognate with 浪 (làng), 塱 (lǎng), 埌 (làng) used in place names.

洋

1. multitudinous; vast
2. ocean; vast area of sea; great expanse of water

   太平洋  ―  Tàipíngyáng  ―  the Pacific Ocean

3. overseas; foreign; western; imported

   洋人  ―  yángrén  ―  foreigner (especially a westerner or Caucasian)

   洋蔥／洋葱  ―  yángcōng  ―  onion (literally, “Western green onion”)

   • 今也舉國之所服者，洋織也，洋染也。舉國之所用者，洋物也。所接者，洋人也。所津津而流涎者，洋之奇技淫巧也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今也举国之所服者，洋织也，洋染也。举国之所用者，洋物也。所接者，洋人也。所津津而流涎者，洋之奇技淫巧也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1881, 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records)

     Jīn yě jǔguó zhī suǒ fú zhě, yáng zhī yě, yáng rǎn yě. Jǔguó zhī suǒ yòng zhě, yáng wù yě. Suǒ jiē zhě, yángrén yě. Suǒ jīnjīn ér liúxián zhě, yáng zhī qíjìyínqiǎo yě. [Pinyin]

     In these days, what is worn in the entire country are Western clothes with Western dyes. What is used in the entire country are Western things. The people that one greets are Western men. What is overflowing and coveted are the clever tricks and wicked craft of the Westerners.

4. modern; stylish; fashionable
5. novel; unusual
6. (historical or Shanghainese) foreign money; dollar (Classifier: 隻／只 w)

   撥我三隻洋。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   拨我三只洋。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 29

   ⁷peq ⁶ngu ¹se-tsaq ⁶yan [Wugniu]

   Give me three dollars.

7. (Min, Hakka, often in place names) plain; flatland
8. (historical) A river in southern Shaanxi, China
9. a surname

Others:

• → Zhuang: yangz

洋

1. ^† Alternative form of 翔 (xiáng, “to soar; wing; side”)
2. ^† Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “good fortune; to bless”)
3. ^† Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “gentle; tender”)
4. ^† Alternative name for 彌河／弥河 (“Mi River in Shandong”).
5. ^† (～州) Yang Prefecture (an ancient prefecture of Shaanxi, China)

洋

1. ^† Only used in 洋洋, alternative form of 養養／养养 (“worried; anxious”)

• “洋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. ocean
2. foreign country
3. the West
4. vast, wide

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang, “ocean, West”):

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC zjang, “Mi River”):

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}

Native Japanese readings:

• Kun: なだ (nada, 洋)
• Nanori: あきら (akira); うみ (umi); おおみ (ōmi)^{←おほみ (ofomi, historical)}; きよ (kiyo); なみ (nami); はるか (haruka); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ひろみ (hiromi); ひろむ (hiromu); ふかし (fukashi); み (mi); ゆたか (yutaka); わたる (wataru)

/jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang). Compare modern Mandarin 洋 (yáng).

• (Tokyo) よ​ー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

洋(よう) • (yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

1. an ocean
2. (by extension, from the sense of across the ocean) the East (Orient) or especially the West (Occident)

• 洋(よう)の東(とう)西(ざい)を問(と)わず (yō no tōzai o towazu): “regardless of east or west of the ocean” → in either the East or the West → anywhere in the world, all over the world

洋(よう) • (Yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

1. a surname
2. a male or female given name

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

• 灘

• (Tokyo) な​だ [náꜜdà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [na̠da̠]

洋(なだ) • (nada) 

1. Alternative spelling of 灘 (nada): the open sea

洋(なだ) • (Nada) 

1. a surname

Nominalization of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 広し (hiroshi), modern 広い (hiroi, “vast, wide”).

• IPA^(key): [çiɾo̞ɕi]

洋(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a surname
2. a male or female given name

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang). Recorded as Middle Korean 야ᇰ (yang) (Yale: yang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 洋 (eumhun 큰 바다 양 (keun bada yang))

1. Hanja form^? of 양 (“ocean; western”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

洋: Hán Nôm readings: dương

1. chữ Hán form of dương (“ocean”).