通

通 U+901A, 通
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A
← 這
[U+9019] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逛 →
[U+901B]

Translingual
Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

通 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 37302, composition ⿺辶甬)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3845, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+901A

Chinese
trad. 通
simp. # 通
alternative forms 迵 (thàng) Hokkien

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
通 *l̥ʰoːŋ
俑 *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪 *l̥ʰoːŋ
桶 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛 *l̥ʰoːŋs
筩 *l'oːŋ
誦 *ljoŋs
傭 *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵 *ɦljoŋ
鱅 *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽 *loŋ
墉 *loŋ
鏞 *loŋ
鄘 *loŋ
槦 *loŋ
銿 *loŋ
甬 *loŋʔ
勇 *loŋʔ
涌 *loŋʔ
踊 *loŋʔ
蛹 *loŋʔ
恿 *loŋʔ
慂 *loŋʔ
悀 *loŋʔ
埇 *loŋʔ
踴 *loŋʔ
庸 *loŋ
用 *loŋs
佣 *loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tòng and tòngr - Mainland standard for classifier for actions;
  • tōng - other senses.
Rime
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他紅切
Baxter thuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /tʰuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ˁoŋ/
English penetrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
No. 15428
Phonetic
component		 用
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 通
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Definitions

通

  1. to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage
    通心粉  ―  tōngxīnfěn  ―  macaroni (lit. "pass-through heart pasta")
    講唔通／讲唔通 [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 m4 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  unable to have someone understand what one is talking about (lit. "unable to talk through")
  2. through- (spanning across; going between)
    通道  ―  tōngdào  ―  passageway; thoroughfare
    通谷  ―  tōnggǔ  ―  through valley
  3. pipe-shaped object
    鐵通／铁通 [Cantonese]  ―  tit3 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  iron pipe
  4. (telephony) to get through
    我打咗幾次都打唔通。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我打咗几次都打唔通。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 daa2 zo2 gei2 ci3 dou1 daa2 m4 tung1. [Jyutping]
    I tried to call several times but couldn't get through.
  5. Classifier for phone calls, talks, criticisms, etc.
  6. Classifier for actions.
  7. to make sense; to be logical
  8. expert
    中國通／中国通  ―  zhōngguótōng  ―  one who knows China very much
  9. (of Chinese characters) to be etymologically related to and carry a similar meaning to
    ……通「國」／……通「国」  ―  ...... tōng “guó”  ―  … is the same as "國／国 (guó)"
  10. (Southern Min) can; may
    alt. forms: 可, 倘
    這通食無？／这通食无？ [Hokkien]  ―  Che thang chia̍h--bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Can this be eaten?
  11. (Cantonese) Short for 通心粉 (“macaroni”).
    腿通 [Cantonese]  ―  teoi2 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  macaroni with ham
  12. (Hokkien) to be clear; to be understood; to connect; to get through; to communicate; to be understandable
  13. (Hokkien) to be clear on; to perceive clearly; to understand; to comprehend
  14. (Hokkien) clear; coherent; rational; connected; simple; easy to understand; makes sense;
  15. (Hokkien) convenient; interesting; suitable
  16. (Hokkien) to clear; to smoothen; to clean; to unobstruct; to make passable
  17. (Hokkien) clear; passable; unobstructed; unimpeded; smooth; unclogged
  18. (Hokkien) entire; all throughout; all over; whole
  19. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) very; most; clearly

Synonyms
  • (telephony: to get through): 入 (rù)
  • (macaroni):
Dialectal synonyms of 通心粉 (“macaroni”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 通心粉, 通心麵
Mandarin Taiwan 通心麵
Cantonese Guangzhou 通心粉
Hong Kong 通心粉, 通粉, 通 short form only in compounds
Wu Shanghai 通心粉, 意心粉, 意粉

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese
Shinjitai 通
Kyūjitai
[1]
通󠄁
通+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
通󠄃
通+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
通

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. pass through

Readings

Compounds

Counter

通(つう) • (-tsū) 

  1. documents
    証(しょう)書(しょ)一(いっ)通(つう)
    shōsho ittsū
    one certificate

Noun

通(つう) • (tsū) 

  1. authority, expert, connoisseur
    支(し)那(な)通(つう)
    shinatsū
    China hand

Proper noun

通(とおる) • (Tōru) 

  1. a male given name

References
  1. “通”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

通 (eumhun 통할 통 (tonghal tong))

  1. Hanja form? of 통 (“pass through”).

Vietnamese

Han character

通: Hán Việt readings: thông (他(tha)東(đông)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
通: Nôm readings: thong[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], thông[1][2][4][7], thồng[5], thỗng[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of thông (“to go through; to pass through”).
  2. chữ Hán form of thông (“to clear off; to unchoke; to unclog”).
  3. chữ Hán form of thông (“to be familiar with; to master; to be fluent or conversant”).
  4. Nôm form of thong (“clear; open; having a passage through”).
  5. Nôm form of thong (“to communicate”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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