己

See also: 乙, 已, and 巳
己 U+5DF1, 己
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF1
← 巰
[U+5DF0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 已 →
[U+5DF2]
⼰ U+2F30, ⼰
KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF
← ⼯
[U+2F2F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼱ →
[U+2F31]

Translingual
Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 17717, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

  1. Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters

Descendants

Further reading

Wikisource

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5DF1

Baekje

Noun

己 (*kɨ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀)

  1. walled settlement
    Synonyms: 忽 (xol), サシ (casI)

Descendants
  • → Old Japanese: 城 (ki2)
    • Japanese: 城 (ki)

References
  • John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research‎, volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
  • Alexander Vovin (2005) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
  • Alexander Vovin (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎, volume 15, number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 己
alternative forms 𢀒

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 己
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
改 *klɯːʔ
跽 *ɡrɯʔ
己 *kɯʔ
紀 *kɯʔ
妀 *kɯʔ
記 *kɯs
杞 *kʰɯʔ
屺 *kʰɯʔ
芑 *kʰɯʔ
邔 *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘 *kʰɯʔ
忌 *ɡɯs
鵋 *ɡɯs
誋 *ɡɯs
梞 *ɡɯs

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳.

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note: kī - vernacular, kí - literary.
Note: gi7 - used in 家己.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 5ci
      • MiniDict: ci去
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2ji
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ji3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
Rime
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居里切
Baxter kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨX/
Li
Rong		 /kiəX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 己 己
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐ jǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kiX › ‹ kiX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k(r)əʔ/ /*k(r)əʔ/
English 6th heavenly stem self

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
No. 5765
Phonetic
component		 己
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯʔ/

Definitions

己

  1. self; oneself
  2. personal; private
  3. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms
  • (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁, 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) (Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)

Compounds

Descendants

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

己

  1. Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己.

Japanese

Kanji
己

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. itself, oneself

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Usage notes

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ko2⟩ and ⟨go2⟩.

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
己
き
Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

己(き) • (Ki) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
己
つちのと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つちの​と [tsùchínóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡ɕino̞to̞]

Proper noun

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
己
おのれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) おのれ [ònóré] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [o̞no̞ɾe̞]

Pronoun

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
  3. second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 己(おのれ)と (onore to)
  • 己(おのれ)やれ (onore yare)
  • 己(おのれ)顔(がお) (onoregao)
  • 己(おのれ)奴(め) (onoreme)
  • 己(おのれ)等(ら) (onorera)
  • 己(おのれ)を枉(ま)ぐ (onore o magu)
  • 勝(か)つは己(おのれ)に克(か)つより大(だい)なるはなし (katsu wa onore ni katsu yori dai naru wa nashi)
See also
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person)		 na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person)		 k-
“this”
(close to speaker)		 s-
“that”
(close to listener)		 a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both)		 i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative)		 ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro)		 な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)		 こ (ko)
これ (kore)		 そ (so)
それ (sore)		 あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		 た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)		 おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore)		 そ (so)
それ (sore)		 あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		 いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)		 いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata)		 そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)		 あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)		 いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō)		 さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika)		 いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Adverb

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. by oneself
    Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
己
おの
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Seemingly akin to Miyako ッヴァ (vva, 2nd person singular pronoun). See also うぬ (unu) and うな (una).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

己(おの) • (ono) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
    Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person)		 na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person)		 k-
“this”
(close to speaker)		 s-
“that”
(close to listener)		 a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both)		 i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative)		 ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro)		 な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)		 こ (ko)
これ (kore)		 そ (so)
それ (sore)		 あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		 た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)		 おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore)		 そ (so)
それ (sore)		 あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		 いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)		 いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata)		 そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)		 あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)		 いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō)		 さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika)		 いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Etymology 5
Kanji in this term
己
おれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Pronoun

己(おれ) • (ore) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 己(おれ)様(さま) (oresama)
  • 己(おん)共(ども) (ondomo)
  • 己(おれ)奴(め) (oreme)
  • 己(おれ)等(ら) (orera)
  • 如己(もころ)男(お) (mokorō)

Etymology 6
Kanji in this term
己
おら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(おら) • (ora) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7
Kanji in this term
己
うぬ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from ono (see above).[1]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
  2. reflexive pronoun: oneself
    Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Derived terms

Interjection

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. (vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8
Kanji in this term
己
うら
Grade: 6
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(うら) • (ura) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9
Kanji in this term
己
おどれ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from onore (see above).[1]

Pronoun

己(おどれ) • (odore) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
    Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

  1. Hanja form? of 기 (“self”).

Vietnamese

Han character

己: Hán Nôm readings: kỷ, kỉ, kỳ

  1. chữ Hán form of Kỉ (“sixth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds
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