狗

See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6]
CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

狗 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters

  • 𭲉, 𬍉, 𬍌, 𮏛, 𤟳

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese

simp. and trad.
狗
alternative forms 豿 “cub”
㺃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *koːʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Alternatively, STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), whence also 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ).

Less likely, it may be related to 駒 (OC *ko, “foal”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.

Rime
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Baxter kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəwX/
Li
Rong
/kuX/
Wang
Li
/kəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
No. 7068
Phonetic
component
句
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
苟
Old
Chinese
/*koːʔ/

Definitions

狗

狗

  1. dog (Classifier: 隻/只 m c mn; 條/条 m)
    餵狗/喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
    累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [cf. dog-tired]
  2. (derogatory) something or someone unpleasant
    1. Used as an attributive.
      狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
      狗官  ―  gǒuguān  ―  government official
      看老娘錘爆你的狗頭! [MSC, trad.]
      看老娘锤爆你的狗头! [MSC, simp.]
      Kàn lǎoniáng chuí bào nǐ de gǒu tóu! [Pinyin]
      See how I hammer you in your goddamn head!
    2. (self-deprecatory) a miserable person (used in compounds)
      單身狗/单身狗  ―  dānshēngǒu  ―  singleton
      IT狗  ―  IT gǒu  ―  a person working in the IT industry
    3. (Hong Kong, neologism, derogatory) police; pig; po-po
  3. (chiefly Beijing Mandarin) to flatter
  4. (Cantonese) cunning
  5. (obsolete) cub; young bear or tiger
  6. a surname

Synonyms

  • (dog):
  • (Hong Kong: police): 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (狗):
  • → Vietnamese: cẩu (狗)

Others:

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji

狗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. puppy, dog
  2. a sentinel
  3. a snoop or spy
  4. useless, wasteful

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
狗
いぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 狗 – see the following entry.
【犬いぬ】1
[noun] dog, canine
[noun] servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
[noun] spy
Alternative spelling
イヌ
(This term, 狗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
狗
えぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

Ultimate derivation uncertain. Theories include a fusion of わ (*wa-, diminutive prefix?) + 犬 (inu, “dog”), an ancient nativized borrowing from Old Chinese 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ, “dog”), in turn, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n, or an unraised vowel extension of Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [e̞nɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

狗(えぬ) • (enu) ←ゑぬ (wenu)?

  1. (obsolete) a puppy or dog
Usage notes

Obsolete. Not listed in most dictionaries.

References

  1. “狗”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean

Hanja

狗 (eumhun 개 구 (gae gu))

  1. Hanja form? of 구 (“dog”).

Vietnamese

Han character

狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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