句

See also: 可, 旬, and 勾
句 U+53E5, 句
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E5
← 古
[U+53E4]
CJK Unified Ideographs 另 →
[U+53E6]
句 U+F906, 句
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F906
← 串
[U+F905]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 龜 →
[U+F907]

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

句 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心口 (PR), four-corner 27620, composition ⿹勹口)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №51

Derived characters

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
句
alternative forms 勾
𠯶
𤖮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 句
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo) : semantic 丩 (“to entangle”) + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ), which may represent the tip of a big nail.

The 丩 component, originally two entangled ropes, now resembles the unrelated 勹.

Pronunciation 1



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 句
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ki⁵³/
Taoyuan /ki⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /køy³³/
Nanning /ky³³/
Hong Kong /køy³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ku²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ku²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ku³⁵/

Rime
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 九遇切
Baxter kjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kioH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuə̆H/
Li
Rong
/kioH/
Wang
Li
/kĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
geoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jù
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)o-s/
English phrase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
No. 7102
Phonetic
component
句
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
屨
Old
Chinese
/*kos/
Notes 朱駿聲從丩口聲

Definitions

句

  1. sentence; phrase
  2. Classifier for sentences.
    他一共也沒說幾句話。 [MSC, trad.]
    他一共也没说几句话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yīgòng yě méi shuō jǐ jù huà. [Pinyin]
    He didn't say much. [lit. He didn't say many sentences.]
    一句「多謝」都冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
    一句「多谢」都冇 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 geoi3 “do1 ze6” dou1 mou5 [Jyutping]
    without even a word of "thank you"
  3. (Cantonese; formal in Hong Kong) Classifier for hours.
Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古侯切
Baxter kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kəu/
Pan
Wuyun
/kəu/
Shao
Rongfen
/kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəw/
Li
Rong
/ku/
Wang
Li
/kəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gōu
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁ(r)o/
English curved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
No. 7064
Phonetic
component
句
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
鉤
Old
Chinese
/*koː/

Definitions

句

  1. † to bend; to curve
  2. † Alternative form of 鉤/钩 (gōu, “hook”)
  3. † to be polite and modest
  4. † to arrest; to capture
  5. † to examine
  6. (historical geometry) Alternative form of 勾 (“the shorter leg of a right triangle”)
  7. a surname
Coordinate terms
  • (geometry): 股 (gǔ)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3



Rime
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古候切
Baxter kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kəuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kəuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəwH/
Li
Rong
/kuH/
Wang
Li
/kəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gòu
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁ(r)ok-s/
English loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
No. 7079
Phonetic
component
句
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
遘
Old
Chinese
/*koːs/

Definitions

句

  1. Used in 句當/句当, alternative form of 勾當/勾当
  2. † Alternative form of 彀 (gòu, “to draw a bow”)
  3. a surname

Pronunciation 4



Rime
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 其俱切
Baxter gju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡio/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/guə̆/
Li
Rong
/ɡio/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
keoi4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
No. 7108
Phonetic
component
句
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
衢
Old
Chinese
/*ɡo/

Definitions

句

  1. † Alternative form of 絇/𰬆 (jù, “a kind of shoe ornament or decoration”)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

句

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
句
く
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 句 (kjuH, “phrase”).

Pronunciation

Noun

句(く) • (ku) 

  1. a short section from a longer text:
    1. a phrase or clause
    2. a sentence or line
    3. a passage or paragraph
    4. a verse from a song
    5. a stanza from a poem

Counter

句(く) • (-ku) 

  1. counter for stanzas from a poem or for haiku

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 句 (eumhun 글귀 구 (geulgwi gu))

  1. Hanja form? of 구 (“sentence; phrase”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

句: Hán Việt readings: câu[1][2][3], cú[1][2][4][3], cấu[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of câu (“sentence, expression, line”).
  2. chữ Hán form of cú (“sentence, expression, line”).

Compounds

References

  1. Thiều Chửu (1942).
  2. Nguyễn (1974).
  3. Trần (1999).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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