差

See also: 着 and 羞
差 U+5DEE, 差
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DEE
← 巭
[U+5DED]
CJK Unified Ideographs 巯 →
[U+5DEF]

Translingual

Japanese 差
Simplified 差
Traditional 差

Alternative forms

Note that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from 差 (𦍌丿 → ⺶)

Han character

Taiwan and Hong Kong stroke order

差 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+7 in traditional Chinese, 工+6 in simplified Chinese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition ⿱𦍌⿰丿工(HTJK) or ⿸⺶工(GV))

Stroke order
10 strokes

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
  • Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5DEE

Chinese

trad. 差
simp. # 差
alternative forms 荖
𢀩
𢀠
𢀞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 差
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 來 (“wheat”) + 𠂇 (“left hand”) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of 搓 (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).

工 or 口 was later added under 𠂇 to form 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
  • chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).

Rime
Character 差 差 差
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 支 (13) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III II II
Fanqie 楚宜切 楚佳切 楚皆切
Baxter tsrhje tsrhea tsrheaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠiᴇ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiɛ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰiɛ/ /t͡ʃʰæi/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰjiə̆/ /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨj/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰje/ /t͡ʃʰɛ/ /t͡ʃʰɛi/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰǐe/ /t͡ʃʰai/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰie̯/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai/ /ʈ͡ʂʰăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chī chāi chāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ci1 caai1 caai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差
Reading # 1/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chā
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsʰraj/
English distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差 差 差
Reading # 2/6 3/6 4/6
No. 18030 18037 18038
Phonetic
component
左 左 左
Rime
group
歌 歌 歌
Rime
subdivision
1 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
差 釵
Old
Chinese
/*sʰraːls/ /*sʰreːl/ /*sʰreːl/
Notes 金文上從來,本指以手揀麥子分等次,
左亦聲

Definitions

差

  1. to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
  2. wrong; incorrect; erroneous
  3. inferior; poor; substandard
    唱得好差 [Cantonese]  ―  coeng3 dak1 hou2 caa1 [Jyutping]  ―  sing poorly
  4. difference; discrepancy
  5. mistake; wrongdoing
  6. (mathematics) difference
  7. to be short of; to fall short of
  8. to owe
  9. rather; barely; nearly; almost
  10. 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
  • (wrong):
  • (inferior):

Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Note:
  • chhe/chhee - vernacular;
  • chhai - literary.

Rime
Character 差
Reading # 4/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 初加切
Baxter tsrhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠa/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰa/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差 差
Reading # 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chāi chāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhɛ › ‹ tsrhɛj ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]raj/ /*[tsʰ](ˁ)raj/
English distinction; to select distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差
Reading # 1/6
No. 18029
Phonetic
component
左
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰraːl/

Definitions

差

  1. to dispatch; to assign; to send on an errand
  2. to select; to choose
  3. (historical) runner; courier; envoy; messenger
  4. (historical) corvée
  5. errand; task

Compounds

  • 丁差
  • 交差 (jiāochāi)
  • 信差 (xìnchāi)
  • 公差 (gōngchāi)
  • 兼差 (jiānchāi)
  • 出公差
  • 出大差
  • 出差 (chūchāi)
  • 出差費/出差费
  • 出紅差/出红差
  • 到差
  • 報差/报差
  • 大差
  • 夫差 (Fūchāi)
  • 官差 (guānchāi)
  • 專差/专差
  • 小差事兒/小差事儿
  • 差事
  • 差人
  • 差使
  • 差佬
  • 差委
  • 差婆
  • 差官
  • 差役 (chāiyì)
  • 差批
  • 差排
  • 差撥/差拨
  • 差旅費/差旅费 (chāilǚfèi)
  • 差法
  • 差發/差发
  • 差票
  • 差置
  • 差輪/差轮
  • 差遣 (chāiqiǎn)
  • 差錢/差钱
  • 差除
  • 帶俸差操/带俸差操
  • 得差
  • 打差
  • 承差
  • 押差
  • 搪差使
  • 撤差 (chèchāi)
  • 放富差貧/放富差贫
  • 欽差/钦差 (qīnchāi)
  • 欽差大臣/钦差大臣 (qīnchāidàchén)
  • 當差/当差 (dāngchāi)
  • 當差的/当差的
  • 白差使
  • 皁差
  • 皇帝不差餓兵/皇帝不差饿兵
  • 神差鬼使
  • 科差
  • 緊差緊做/紧差紧做
  • 考差
  • 聽差/听差
  • 苦差事
  • 解差
  • 調差/调差
  • 貓兒頭差事/猫儿头差事
  • 賣富差貧/卖富差贫
  • 辦差/办差 (bànchāi)
  • 郵差/邮差 (yóuchāi)
  • 銷差/销差
  • 開小差/开小差 (kāi xiǎochāi)
  • 開差/开差
  • 面子上的差使
  • 鬼使神差
  • 點差/点差

Pronunciation 3



Rime
Character 差 差 差
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 支 (13) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III II II
Fanqie 楚宜切 楚佳切 楚皆切
Baxter tsrhje tsrhea tsrheaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠiᴇ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiɛ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰiɛ/ /t͡ʃʰæi/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰjiə̆/ /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨj/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰje/ /t͡ʃʰɛ/ /t͡ʃʰɛi/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰǐe/ /t͡ʃʰai/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰie̯/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai/ /ʈ͡ʂʰăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chī chāi chāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ci1 caai1 caai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差
Reading # 4/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cī
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrhje ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsʰraj/
English 參差 uneven

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差
Reading # 6/6
No. 18042
Phonetic
component
左
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
差
Old
Chinese
/*sʰral/
Notes 見孟子

Definitions

差

  1. uneven; irregular; rough
    參差/参差  ―  cēncī  ―  uneven
  2. to distinguish; to grade; to classify
  3. grade; rank
  4. limit; boundary

Compounds

Pronunciation 4



Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差
Reading # 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English rub, polish, file (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

差

  1. † Original form of 搓 (cuō, “to rub with one's hands; to scrub; to twist”).

Compounds

  • 扳差頭/扳差头
  • 景差

Pronunciation 5



Rime
Character 差
Reading # 5/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 楚懈切
Baxter tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caai3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差
Reading # 5/6
No. 18039
Phonetic
component
左
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
差
Old
Chinese
/*sʰreːls/
Notes 見方言後作瘥

Definitions

差

  1. † Original form of 瘥 (chài, “to recover from an illness”).

Japanese

Kanji

差

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
差
さ
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje|tsrhea|tsrheaj|tsrhae|tsrheaH).

Pronunciation

Noun

差(さ) • (sa) 

  1. (generally) difference
    Synonyms: 差異 (sai), 違い (chigai)
    資(し)金(きん)力(りょく)で差(さ)を付(つ)ける
    shikin ryoku de sa o tsukeru
    to make a difference in the financial power
  2. (arithmetic) difference
    Antonym: (sum) 和 (wa)
    九(きゅう)十(じゅう)と七(なな)十(じゅう)八(はち)の差(さ)は十(じゅう)二(に)である。
    Kyūjū to nanajūhachi no sa wa jūni de aru.
    The difference of ninety and seventy-eight is twelve.

See also

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhea|tsrhae|tsrheaH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 차 (cha)訓 (Yale: cha) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

“difference; to distinguish”
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhea, “to differ”).
Recorded as Middle Korean 챙 (Yale: chay) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
“to select; to assign; to dispatch”
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhae, “to select”).
Recorded as Middle Korean 창 (Yale: cha) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
“to recover from an illness”
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrheaH, “to recover from an illness”).
Recorded as Middle Korean 챙〮 (Yale: cháy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 差 (eumhun 다를 차 (dareul cha))

  1. Hanja form? of 차 (“difference; to distinguish”).
  2. Hanja form? of 차 (“to select; to assign; to dispatch”).
  3. Hanja form? of 차 (“to recover from an illness”).
    쾌차 (快差) ― kwaecha ― complete recovery from an illness

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje, “uneven”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

差 (eumhun 어긋날 치 (eogeunnal chi))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 치 (“uneven; irregular; rough”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

差: Hán Nôm readings: sai, sái, si, sươi, sau, sây, soa

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