弗

See also: 𢎵
弗 U+5F17, 弗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F17
← 弖
[U+5F16]
CJK Unified Ideographs 弘 →
[U+5F18]

Translingual

Stroke order (Sans-serif)

Han character

弗 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 55027, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)

Derived characters

  • 㔗, 佛, 彿, 沸, 𠔘, 𡗻, 𡘉, 𡛯, 𭯗, 𡶒, 𢂀, 𢏇, 𢒍, 𰕧, 𢘍, 𣭘, 𣲴, 𤝟, 𤤖, 𤫰, 𥘬 𥿏, 𦕚, 𦨡, 𧉸, 𧙂, 𧠤, 𧿳, 𨚓, 𨚭, 𩖼

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 990, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5F17

Chinese

simp. and trad.
弗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弗
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions

Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.

Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word.

Etymology 1

not (verb) him/her/it
Fusion of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) with 之 (OC *tjɯ, “third-person pronoun”) (Schuessler, 2007). The glyph conflated with 不 (MC pjuw|pjuwX|pjut) by the Han times, due to naming taboo. Its colloquial reading survives in the latter. See etymology of 不 for more.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 弗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 分勿切
Baxter pjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/piut̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/piuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/put̚/
Li
Rong
/piuət̚/
Wang
Li
/pĭuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弗 弗 弗
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fú fú fú
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjut › ‹ pjut › ‹ pjut ›
Old
Chinese
/*p[u]t/ /*put/ /*put/
English (negation) gust of wind writing brush (pron. in Yān 燕, ap. Shuōwén, E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弗
Reading # 1/1
No. 3313
Phonetic
component
弗
Rime
group
物
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
弗
Old
Chinese
/*pɯd/

Definitions

弗

  1. (Classical) not
  2. Used in 弗弗.
  3. Alternative form of 祓 (fú)
  4. † to straighten; to correct
  5. Used in transcription.
Usage notes
  • In modern Standard Chinese, this character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /f/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.
  • The characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
弗
alternative forms 勿
伐
不

According to Pan (2002), a labiodentalized and checked variant of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ').

In certain varieties the initial has gained voicing and in some cases caused the word shifted to yang tones, either restricted to specific syntactical positions or in all contexts.

See also 勿 (veq).


  • Wu
    • (Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 8veq; 7veq
      • MiniDict: veh入; veh入
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5veq; 4veq
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vəʔ¹²/, /vəʔ⁵⁵/
    • (Suzhou)
      • Wugniu: 7feq
      • MiniDict: feh入
      • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /fəʔ⁴³/
Note: (Shanghainese) 7veq - see 勿.

Definitions

弗

  1. (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”)
    我弗要搭伊去! [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]
    6ngu 8veq-iau 7taq 6yi 5chi [Wugniu]
    I don't want to go with him!
    對弗起/对弗起 [Suzhounese]  ―  5te-feq7-chi3 [Wugniu]  ―  Sorry
Synonyms
Usage notes
  • 勿, 弗 and 伐 are all characters that have been popular in representing the checked and labiodentalized series of negators, generally pronounced as /fəʔ/, /vəʔ/ or both depending on the exact variety. In historical literature, the exact choice of character varied between the topolects and the preferences of individual writers.
  • In some contemporary proposals aiming to standardize cross-topolectal writing in Wu, it is preferred that the voiced variants of the negator be written with 勿 and the unvoiced variants of the negator with 弗. This is often received somewhat inconsistently, however, and the choice between the variant characters remains largely a matter of personal preference.

Compounds

  • 撥弗倒/拨弗倒
  • 自愧弗如 (zìkuìfúrú)
  • 逃弗過/逃弗过

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see 費 (“to cost; to spend; to expend; to consume; to use; to exhaust; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 費).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

弗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. fluorine
  2. the dollar sign ($)

Readings

  • Go-on: ほち (hochi)
  • Kan-on: ふつ (futsu)
  • Kun: ドル (doru, 弗); ず (zu, 弗)

Etymology 1

弗 (futsu): a sample of chilled liquid fluorine.
Kanji in this term
弗
ふつ
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value in translating the Dutch fluor (“fluorine”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Affix

弗(ふつ) or 弗(フツ) • (futsu) 

  1. (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride
Usage notes

Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
弗
どる
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Glyph origin

Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately borrowed from Dutch dollar.[1][2]

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see the following entry.
【ドル】
[noun] a dollar (designation for specific currency)
[proper noun] Dole, Jura (place in France)
Alternative spelling
㌦
(This term, 弗, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.)

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

弗 (eumhun 아닐 불 (anil bul))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  2. Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.[1]

References

Vietnamese

Han character

弗: Hán Nôm readings: phất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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