矢

See also: 失, 先, and 笶
矢 U+77E2, 矢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E2
← 矡
[U+77E1]
CJK Unified Ideographs 矣 →
[U+77E3]
⽮ U+2F6E, ⽮
KANGXI RADICAL ARROW
← ⽭
[U+2F6D]
Kangxi Radicals ⽯ →
[U+2F6F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

矢 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人大 (OK), four-corner 80430, composition ⿱𠂉大 or ⿰㇒天)

  1. Kangxi radical #111, ⽮.

Derived characters

See also

  • 弓, 疑
  • 至, which in early writing resembles 矢 pointing downward to the ground.

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23929
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77E2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
矢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矢
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – an arrow. More recognizable in older forms.

Etymology 1

arrow
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-ləj (“bow (weapon); slingshot”); cognate with Burmese လေး (le:, “bow; crossbow”), Mizo li (“spring (as of gun, watch, etc.)”), Japhug tɯdi (“bow”), zdi (“arrow”), Tangut 𘎗 (*lhjɨ̣¹, “bow”), 𗮆 (*ljị¹, “arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
to swear, to vow
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "arrow"?”)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong
/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li
/ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥i[j]ʔ/
English arrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
No. 11504
Phonetic
component
矢
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
矢
Old
Chinese
/*hliʔ/

Definitions

矢

  1. (Classical, archery, weaponry) arrow
  2. to vow; to swear
Synonyms
  • (arrow):

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong
/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li
/ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
No. 11504
Phonetic
component
矢
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
矢
Old
Chinese
/*hliʔ/

Definitions

矢

  1. Alternative form of 屎 (“excrement; poop”)
    石矢 [Cantonese]  ―  sek6 si2 [Jyutping]  ―  concrete (alternative form of 石屎 (sek6 si2))

Compounds

  • 一矢之地
  • 兵盡矢窮/兵尽矢穷
  • 嚆矢 (hāoshǐ)
  • 弓折矢盡/弓折矢尽
  • 弓矢 (gōngshǐ)
  • 張弓挾矢/张弓挟矢
  • 拉矢
  • 攢矢/攒矢
  • 有的放矢 (yǒudìfàngshǐ)
  • 桃弧棘矢
  • 桑弧蓬矢
  • 栝矢亞/栝矢亚
  • 楛矢
  • 永矢弗諼/永矢弗谖
  • 流矢
  • 無的放矢/无的放矢 (wúdìfàngshǐ)
  • 狗矢
  • 發矢/发矢
  • 眾矢之的/众矢之的 (zhòngshǐzhīdì)
  • 矢下如雨
  • 矢不虛發/矢不虚发
  • 矢人 (shǐrén)
  • 矢勤矢勇
  • 矢口 (shǐkǒu)
  • 矢口否認/矢口否认 (shǐkǒufǒurèn)
  • 矢在弦上
  • 矢志 (shǐzhì)
  • 矢棋
  • 矢無虛發/矢无虚发
  • 矢盡兵窮/矢尽兵穷
  • 矢石 (shǐshí)
  • 矢石之間/矢石之间
  • 矢石之難/矢石之难
  • 矢石如雨 (shǐshí rúyǔ)
  • 矢言 (shǐyán)
  • 矢車菊/矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
  • 矢量 (shǐliàng)
  • 身當矢石/身当矢石
  • 躬蹈矢石
  • 鍛矢/锻矢
  • 集矢
  • 飛矢/飞矢

References

Japanese

Kanji

矢

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. arrow

Readings

Compounds

Usage notes

Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
矢
や
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Edo-era ceremonial arrowhead depicting an arrow.

Pronunciation

Noun

矢(や) • (ya) 

  1. (archery, weaponry) an arrow
    光(こう)陰(いん)矢(や)の如(ごと)し。
    Kōin ya no gotoshi.
    Shine and shadow, just like an arrow. → Time flies like an arrow.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 364:
      , text here
      大夫(ますらを)之(の)弓(ゆ)上(ずゑ)振(ふり)起(おこし)射都流(いつる)矢(や)乎(を)後(のち)将見(みむ)人(ひと)者(は)語(かたり)継(つぐ)金(がね) [Man'yōgana]
      ますらをの弓(ゆ)末(ずゑ)振(ふ)り起(おこ)し射(い)つる矢(や)を後(のち)見(み)む人(ひと)は語(かた)り継(つ)ぐがね [Modern spelling]
      masurao no yuzue furiokoshi itsuru ya o nochi mimu hito wa kataritsugu gane
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone
  3. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows
Coordinate terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

矢(や) • (Ya) 

  1. a place name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
矢
さ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[3]

Possibly cognate with Old Japanese-derived 幸 (sachi, “a hunting implement”) and Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”).

This reading does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sa̠]

Noun

矢(さ) • (sa) 

  1. (obsolete) an arrow
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4430:
      , text here
      阿良之乎乃(あらしをの)伊乎(いを)佐(さ)太波佐美(たはさみ)牟可比多知(むかひたち)可奈流麻之都美(かなるましづみ)伊埿弖登阿我久流(いでてとあがくる) [Man'yōgana]
      荒(あら)し男(を)のいをさ手(た)挟(はさ)み向(むか)ひ立(た)ちかなるましづみ出(い)でてと我(あ)が来(く)る [Modern spelling]
      arasi-wo no iwo-sa tapasami mukapi-tati kanaruma sidumi idete to a ga kuru
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Derived terms

References

  1. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 262:
    , text here
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4430:
    , text here: the 佐 (sa) in man'yōgana in the original is interpreted by Daijisen as this 矢 (sa).

Khitan

Noun

矢 (transliteration needed) (khi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  • 矢关 (“khitai”)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 矢 (eumhun 화살 시 (hwasal si))

  1. Hanja form? of 시 (“arrow”).

Vietnamese

Han character

矢: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, tẻ, thẻ, yêu, tử, tủ, tú, siệu

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
矢

Noun

矢

  1. chữ Hán form of thỉ (“arrow”).
  2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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