羨

羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 8018₂, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
• Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
• Unihan data for U+7FA8

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.

羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).

The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:

Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).

羨

1. to envy; to admire

   • 臨河而羨魚，不如歸家織網。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     临河而羡鱼，不如归家织网。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Lín hé ér xiàn yú, bùrú guī jiā zhī wǎng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 哀吾生之須臾，羨長江之無窮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1082, Su Shi, 前赤壁賦

     Āi wú shēng zhī xūyú, xiàn Chángjiāng zhī wúqióng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (literary) surplus

   • 四方有羨，我獨居憂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     四方有羡，我独居忧。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Sìfāng yǒu xiàn, wǒ dú jū yōu. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 子不通功易事，以羨補不足，則農有餘粟，女有餘布。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子不通功易事，以羡补不足，则农有余粟，女有余布。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ bù tōnggōngyìshì, yǐ xiàn bǔ bùzú, zé nóng yǒu yú sù, nǚ yǒu yú bù. [Pinyin]

     If you do not have an intercommunication of the productions of labour, and an interchange of men's services, so that one from his overplus may supply the deficiency of another, then husbandmen will have a superfluity of grain, and women will have a superfluity of cloth.

3. (literary) to exceed

   • 德隆乎三皇，功羨於五帝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     德隆乎三皇，功羡于五帝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Dé lóng hū sānhuáng, gōng xiàn yú wǔdì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (obsolete) crooked; evil
5. 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
6. a surname

羨

1. Only used in 沙羨／沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”).

羨

1. Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”)
2. Alternative form of 埏 (“tomb passage”)

• “羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
• Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)
• Nanori: よし (yoshi)

• 羨(うらや)ましい (urayamashii): jealous, envious
• 羨(うらや)む (urayamu): to be jealous, to be envious

From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC zjenH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɘ(ː)n]
• Phonetic hangul: [선(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource 羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))

1. Hanja form^? of 선 (“envy; envious”).

From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC yenH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [연]

羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))

1. Hanja form^? of 연 (“road to a grave”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.