內

See also: 内
內 U+5167, 內
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5167
← 兦
[U+5166]
CJK Unified Ideographs 全 →
[U+5168]

內 U+2F814, 內
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F814
← 㒹
[U+2F813]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 再 →
[U+2F815]

Translingual

Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

內 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人月 (OB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿻冂入)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad. 內
simp. 内

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 內





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.

Etymology

Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • lāi/lǎi - vernacular (etymologically 裡);
  • lōe - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 內
Mandarin Beijing /nei⁵¹/
Harbin /nei⁵³/
Tianjin /nei⁵³/
Jinan /nei²¹/
Qingdao /ne⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nei³¹²/
Xi'an /luei⁴⁴/
Xining /nuɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /nuei¹³/
Lanzhou /luei¹³/
Ürümqi /nei²¹³/
Wuhan /nei³⁵/
Chengdu /nuei¹³/
Guiyang /nuei²¹³/
Kunming /nuei²¹²/
Nanjing /luəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /le⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /nai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /næ³⁵/
Hohhot /nɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
Suzhou /ne̞³¹/
Hangzhou /nei¹³/
Wenzhou /nai²²/
Hui Shexian /nɛ²²/
Tunxi /lə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lei⁵⁵/
/lei¹¹/
Xiangtan /nəi²¹/
Gan Nanchang /lui²¹/
Hakka Meixian /nui⁵³/
Taoyuan /mui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɔi²²/
Nanning /nui²²/
Hong Kong /nɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lue²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuɔi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /no⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /lai³⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /nui³³/
/lai³³/ 訓裡

Rime
Character 內
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴對切
Baxter nwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/nuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nwəjH/
Li
Rong
/nuᴀiH/
Wang
Li
/nuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
neoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 內
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nèi
Middle
Chinese
‹ nwojH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁ[u]p-s/
English inside

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 內
Reading # 1/1
No. 9381
Phonetic
component
內
Rime
group
內
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
内
Old
Chinese
/*nuːbs/

Definitions

內

  1. inside; interior; internal; inner
    Antonym: 外 (wài)
    室內/室内  ―  shìnèi  ―  indoors
    內傷/内伤  ―  nèishāng  ―  internal injury
    內戰/内战  ―  nèizhàn  ―  civil war
    未來幾天內/未来几天内  ―  wèilái jǐtiān nèi  ―  within the next few days
  2. (obsolete) room; inner room
  3. (literary) court; imperial palace
  4. woman; wife
    內兄/内兄  ―  nèixiōng  ―  wife's elder brother
  5. heart; mind; self
    內疚/内疚  ―  nèijiù  ―  conscience-stricken
  6. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs
  7. (Buddhism) within Buddhism
    內典/内典  ―  nèidiǎn  ―  Buddhist scripture
    內學/内学  ―  nèixué  ―  Buddhism
  8. 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
  9. (Teochew) family
  10. (Teochew) home
    伊無在內。/伊无在内。 [Teochew]  ―  i1 bho5 do6 lai6. [Peng'im]  ―  He/she is not home.
  11. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那
    有內味了。/有内味了。  ―  Yǒunèiwèile.  ―  That's the taste.
  12. (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food.
    一內菜,兩內物配,三內點心 [Philippine Hokkien, trad.]
    一内菜,两内物配,三内点心 [Philippine Hokkien, simp.]
    chi̍t lǎi chhài, nňg lǎi mn̍gh-phè, saⁿ lǎi tiám-sim [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    one serving of a dish, two servings of side toppings, three servings of snacks
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (內):
  • → Japanese: 内(ない) (nai)
  • → Korean: 내(內) (nae)
  • → Vietnamese: nội (內)

Pronunciation 2



Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 內
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nà
Middle
Chinese
‹ nop ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁ[u]p/
English bring or send in

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

內

  1. † to enter
  2. † Original form of 納/纳 (nà, “to pay”).

Compounds

  • 周內/周内

Japanese

Shinjitai

内

Kyūjitai

內

Kanji

內

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 内)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 内

Readings

Usage notes

This character is usually not used in Japanese and lacks JIS support. The variant 内 (U+5185) is used instead.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 內 (MC nwojH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448뇡〮 (Yale: nwóy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527안〮 (Yale: án)ᄂᆡ〯 (Yale: nǒy)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))

  1. Hanja form? of 내 (“inside; within”). [dependent noun; prefix]

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

內: Hán Nôm readings: nội

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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