葛

葛 U+845B, 葛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-845B
← 葚
[U+845A]
CJK Unified Ideographs 葜 →
[U+845C]

Translingual

Han character

葛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿日心女 (TAPV), four-corner 44727, composition ⿱艹曷)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31420
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3248, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+845B

Chinese

trad. 葛
simp. # 葛
alternative forms 匂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 葛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kaːd) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gě - standard in surname sense;
  • gé - other senses.

Rime
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古達切
Baxter kat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kat̚/
Li
Rong
/kɑt̚/
Wang
Li
/kɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
got3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gé
Middle
Chinese
‹ kat ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁat/
English Dolichos; kudzu

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
No. 5022
Phonetic
component
曷
Rime
group
月
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
葛
Old
Chinese
/*kaːd/

Definitions

葛

  1. kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
  2. poplin; hemp cloth
  3. (~國) State of Ge (a small state in modern Henan province during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties)
  4. a surname
    葛洪  ―  Gě Hóng  ―  Ge Hong (Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar)

Compounds

  • 九重葛
  • 冶葛
  • 扳藤附葛
  • 攀藤攬葛/攀藤揽葛
  • 攀藤附葛
  • 杯葛
  • 杯葛運動/杯葛运动
  • 瓜葛 (guāgé)
  • 瓜葛之親/瓜葛之亲
  • 糾葛/纠葛 (jiūgé)
  • 紫葛
  • 膠葛/胶葛
  • 葛光 (Gěguāng)
  • 葛城 (Gěchéng)
  • 葛屨/葛屦
  • 葛屨履霜/葛屦履霜
  • 葛巴丁
  • 葛巾
  • 葛巾漉酒
  • 葛布 (gébù)
  • 葛牌 (Gěpái)
  • 葛生
  • 葛粉 (géfěn)
  • 葛萊美獎/葛莱美奖
  • 葛藤 (géténg)
  • 葛藟
  • 葛衣
  • 葛覃
  • 葛越
  • 蕉葛
  • 藤攀葛繞/藤攀葛绕
  • 裘葛
  • 裘葛之遺/裘葛之遗
  • 詭負葛藤/诡负葛藤
  • 諸葛/诸葛 (Zhūgě)
  • 諸葛四郎/诸葛四郎
  • 諸葛巾/诸葛巾
  • 諸葛燈/诸葛灯
  • 采葛
  • 野葛 (yěgé)
  • 黃金葛/黄金葛

Etymology 2

From 個/个.

Pronunciation


  • Wu
    • (Suzhou)
      • Wugniu: 7keq; 0keq
      • MiniDict: keh入; 0keh
      • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəʔ⁴³/, /kəʔ/

Definitions

葛

  1. (dialectal Wu) this
  2. (Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Alternative form of 個/个 (possessive particle)
Synonyms

Japanese

Kanji

葛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
葛
かずら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
蔓

⟨kadura⟩ → /kad͡zuɾa/ → /kazuɾa/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) かずら [kàzúrá] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ka̠zɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

葛(かずら) • (kazura) ←かづら (kadura)?

  1. Any creepers or creeping plants
  2. (architecture) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  3. the hoop of a barrel or other cylindrical object
  4. a type of fishing net
Derived terms
  • 葛(かずら)掛(か)け (kazurakake)
  • 葛(かずら)縄(なわ) (kazuranawa)
  • 葛(かずら)引(ひ)き (kazurahiki)
  • 縁(えん)葛(かずら) (enkazura)
  • 鉤(カギ)葛(カズラ) (kagikazura)
  • さね葛(かずら) (sanekazura)
  • 風(フウ)船(セン)葛(カズラ) (fūsen kazura)
  • 屁(ヘ)糞(クソ)葛(カズラ) (hekusokazura)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葛
くず
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) く​ず [kúꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝ]

Noun

葛(くず) or 葛(クズ) • (kuzu) 

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)
  2. Short for 葛粉 (kuzuko): starch made from pounded kudzu root
  3. Short for 葛溜まり (kuzudamari) or 葛餡 (kuzuan): a sweet sauce made from kudzu starch
  4. Short for 葛布 (kuzununo/kuzufu): cloth made from kudzu fiber
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → English: kudzu

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
葛
つづら
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨tudura⟩ → /t͡sud͡zuɾa/ → /t͡suzuɾa/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つづら [tsùzúrá] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝzɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

葛(つづら) or 葛(ツヅラ) • (tsuzura) 

  1. Short for 葛藤 (tsuzurafuji): Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum​)
  2. Short for 葛籠 (tsuzurako): a wicker basket used for holding clothes
  3. Short for 葛折り (tsuzuraori): something winding or zigzaggy, especially a road at a hill-slope
  4. a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), with bluish black on the front and light (or pale) blue on the back
Derived terms
  • 葛(つづら)箙(えびら) (tsuzuraebira)
  • 葛(つづら)笠(がさ) (tsuzuragasa)
  • 葛(つづら)切(きっ)付(つけ) (tsuzura kittsuke)
  • 葛(つづら)帽(ぼう)子(し) (tsuzurabōshi)
  • 革(かわ)葛(つづら) (kawatsuzura)
  • 熊(クマ)葛(ツヅラ) (kumatsuzura)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
葛
かつ
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 葛 (MC kat).

Affix

葛(かつ) • (katsu) 

  1. creeper
  2. cloth made from kudzu fibers
Derived terms

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 葛 (MC kat).

Hanja

葛 (eumhun 칡 갈 (chik gal))

  1. Hanja form? of 갈 (“arrowroot, kudzu”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Miyako

Kanji

葛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Kun: くずぃ (kudzï, 葛)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
葛
くずぃ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with Yaeyama 葛 (kuzï), Okinawan 葛 (kuji), and Japanese 葛 (kuzu).

Perhaps from Proto-Ryukyuan *kozu, itself from Proto-Japonic *konsu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kuzz]

Noun

葛(くずぃ) (kudzï) 

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)

Okinawan

Kanji

葛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
葛
くじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Perhaps from Proto-Ryukyuan *kozu.

Pronunciation

Noun

葛(くじ) (kuji) 

  1. Short for 葛粉 (kujikū): starch made from pounded kudzu root

Derived terms

  • 葛(くじ)固(がた)み (kujigatami)

References

  1. 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Old Japanese

Compounds

  • 葛根 (kadune)
  • 葛城 (Kaduragi₂)
  • 石葛 (ipatuna)
  • 野老葛 (to₂ko₂ro₂tura)

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Japonic *kantura.

Noun

葛 (kadura) (kana かづら)

  1. a creeper, creeping plant
Derived terms
  • 屎葛 (kuso₁kadura)
  • さな葛 (sanakadura)
  • さね葛 (sanekadura)
  • 玉葛 (tamakadura)
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *konsu.

Noun

葛 (kuzu) (kana くず)

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)
Derived terms
  • 葛葉 (kuzupa)
  • 葛花 (kuzupana)
  • 葛原 (kuzupara)
  • 夏葛 (natukuzu)
  • 這ふ葛の (papu kuzu no₂)
  • 眞葛 (makuzu)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 葛 (kuzu)

Noun

葛 (tudura) (kana つづら)

  1. any climbing plant or vine, such as Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum​)
Derived terms
  • 霜黑葛 (simotudura)
  • 濱葛 (pamatudura)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 葛 (tsuzura)

Vietnamese

Han character

葛: Hán Nôm readings: cát, nhật

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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