因

See also: 囙
因 U+56E0, 因
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56E0
← 囟
[U+56DF]
CJK Unified Ideographs 囡 →
[U+56E1]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

因 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田大 (WK), four-corner 60430, composition ⿴囗大)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4693
  • Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+56E0

Further reading

Chinese

simp. and trad.
因
alternative forms 囙
𤇀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 因
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 囗 (“sheet”) + 大 (“person”) – man on a mattress. Original form of 裀 (OC *qin, “mat; layered garment”) or 茵 (OC *qin, “mattress; cushion”).

Alternatively, possibly an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) of a man wearing clothing.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 因
Mandarin Beijing /in⁵⁵/
Harbin /in⁴⁴/
Tianjin /in²¹/
Jinan /iẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /iə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /in²⁴/
Xi'an /iẽ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in⁵⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in⁵⁵/
Kunming /ĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /in¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in³³/
Xiangtan /in³³/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /jɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /in⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /eiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /in²³/

Rime
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於眞切
Baxter 'jin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔin/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔin/
Li
Rong
/ʔiĕn/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjin ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔi[n]/
English rely on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 因
Reading # 1/1
No. 15176
Phonetic
component
因
Rime
group
眞
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
因
Old
Chinese
/*qin/
Notes 甲文象人臥於茵席,
爲茵初文

Definitions

因

  1. (literary) to follow (e.g. a tradition)
    因循守舊/因循守旧  ―  yīnxúnshǒujiù  ―  to adhere to tradition
  2. (literary) to take advantage; to make use of a situation
  3. (archaic) conveniently; in passing; expediently
  4. (archaic) thus; in such way; therefore; accordingly
  5. (archaic) through; via
  6. (obsolete) to multiply
  7. depending on; according to; based on; contingent upon
    因人而異/因人而异  ―  yīnrén'éryì  ―  to vary from one person to another
    因地制宜  ―  yīndìzhìyí  ―  to make plans according to local conditions
  8. (Cantonese) to estimate
    你因下啲時間,睇下要幾耐先到。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你因下啲时间,睇下要几耐先到。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 jan1 haa5 di1 si4 gaan3, tai2 haa5 jiu3 gei2 noi6 sin1 dou3. [Jyutping]
    Estimate the time to see how long it takes to arrive.
  9. reason; cause
    因果  ―  yīnguǒ  ―  cause and effect
    近因  ―  jìnyīn  ―  direct cause; immediate cause
  10. because; since
  11. due to; because of
    因此  ―  yīncǐ  ―  because of this; therefore; ergo
    因雨改期  ―  yīn yǔ gǎiqī  ―  to be rescheduled because of the rain

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (因):
  • → Japanese: 因(いん) (in)
  • → Korean: 인(因) (in)
  • → Vietnamese: nhân (因)

References

Japanese

Kanji

因

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
因
いん
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 因 (MC 'jin).

Pronunciation

Affix

因(いん) • (in) 

  1. cause, reason
  2. follow, be based on
  3. Short for 因幡国 (Inaba no kuni): Inaba Province
Derived terms

Noun

因(いん) • (in) 

  1. cause; reason; factor
  2. (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  3. (Indian logic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms

Proper noun

因(いん) • (In) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
因
ちな(み)
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry: ちなみ

(The following entry is uncreated: ちなみ.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
因
よし
Grade: 5
nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry.
【よし】
[noun] 由, 因, 縁: reason, significance
Alternative spellings
由, 縁
(This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
因
よすが
Grade: 5
nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry.
【よすが】
[noun] something to rely on; a connection, affinity
[noun] someone to rely on; a relative
[noun] an opportunity, way, means
Alternative spellings
縁, 便
(This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 因 (MC 'jin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅙᅵᆫ (Yale: qìn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576인ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: in-hol)인 (Yale: in)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 因 (eumhun 인할 인 (inhal in))

  1. Hanja form? of 인 (“cause”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

因: Hán Nôm readings: nhân, nhằn, dăn, nhăn, nhơn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Classifier

因

  1. Sawndip form of aen
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